University of South Australia, School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy, Magill Campus, Lorne Avenue, Adelaide, South Australia 5072, Australia.
University of South Australia, School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy, Magill Campus, Lorne Avenue, Adelaide, South Australia 5072, Australia.
J Affect Disord. 2013 Nov;151(2):514-524. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.06.036. Epub 2013 Jul 18.
This study involved a multi-level analysis of factors related to self-reported suicidality (both current and life-time) in adolescents
A sample of 2552 students aged 14-16 years answered questions relating to demographics, social and familial functioning, psychological well-being and suicidality.
Suicidality, defined as being at least some element of reported suicide ideation, Behaviourally, suicidality was also more likely if students smoked, drank alcohol without adult supervision or if they took illicit drugs was more likely in girls, and in those with poorer social, family and psychological functioning. Behaviourally, suicidality was also more likely if students smoked, drank alcohol or took illicit drugs. Multi-level modelling showed that negative affect, substance use and the presence of romantic relationships were most strongly associated with suicidality. Both current and life-time measures of suicidality showed similar results. Both models suggested that the presence of substance use in teenagers is a potentially useful indicator of elevated suicide risk and that many of the social problems commonly associated with suicidality are likely to be mediated by negative affective states.
The study had several limitations. First, it was cross-sectional so it was not possible to examine how variables measured at one time predicted subsequent suicidality. Second, the present analyses were based on a single measure of suicidality that did not differentiate between ideation and attempts. Thus, the analyses did not indicate the severity of the suicidality: whether it involved ideation or actual attempts.
Adolescent girls and adolescents with poor social and family functioning and those who engage in substance use are at risk of suicidal ideation (a known precursor of suicide attempts). School counsellors and teachers need to be aware of the risks.
本研究对与青少年自我报告的自杀意念（包括当前和终身）相关的因素进行了多层次分析。
本研究对 2552 名 14-16 岁的学生进行了抽样调查，调查内容涉及人口统计学、社会和家庭功能、心理健康和自杀意念等方面。
自杀意念定义为报告的自杀意念的至少某些元素。从行为上看，如果学生吸烟、在没有成人监督的情况下饮酒或使用非法药物，自杀意念更有可能发生；女孩和社会、家庭和心理功能较差的学生更有可能发生自杀意念。从行为上看，如果学生吸烟、饮酒或使用非法药物，自杀意念更有可能发生。多层次模型表明，负性情绪、物质使用和浪漫关系的存在与自杀意念最密切相关。当前和终身的自杀意念测量结果相似。两个模型都表明，青少年物质使用的存在是一个潜在的、可预测自杀风险升高的指标，而许多与自杀意念相关的社会问题很可能是由负性情绪状态介导的。
本研究存在一些局限性。首先，它是横断面研究，因此无法检查一次测量的变量如何预测随后的自杀意念。其次，目前的分析基于单一的自杀意念测量，没有区分意念和尝试。因此，分析并不能表明自杀意念的严重程度：它是否涉及意念或实际尝试。
少女和社会及家庭功能较差的青少年，以及那些物质滥用的青少年，有自杀意念的风险（已知是自杀企图的前兆）。学校辅导员和教师需要意识到这些风险。
