Üçerler Hülya, İkiz Z Aslı Aktan, Özgür Tomris
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, İzmir-Turkey.
Anadolu Kardiyol Derg. 2013 Sep;13(6):566-72. doi: 10.5152/akd.2013.181. Epub 2013 Jul 24.
The left atrial appendage (LAA) is an important anatomic region since it is a source of thromboembolism in patients with atrial fibrillation. Although this anatomic and clinical relation it has received little attention until recent years.
This descriptive laboratory study was performed in 56 hearts of adult formalin fixed cadavers. The morphological characteristics of LAA were recorded. The distances between the orifices of left superior pulmonary veins (LSPV), circumflex artery, left anterior descending (LAD) artery, mitral valve and LAA were also measured in this study.
The morphological appearance of the LAA was classified into two different ways. There were two types according to the first classification: slender like a crooked finger (in 73.2%) and stump-like (in 26.8%). The lobe number of LAA was two in 64.3% specimens and three in 35.7%. The types of LAA were Cactus (24%), Chicken Wing (12%), Windsock (38%) and Cauliflower (26%) according to the second classification. The LAA orifice was oval-shaped in 37.5% and round-shaped in 62.5%. The bridge on the orifice was determined in one specimen. The longest diameter of LAA orifice was 16.5±4 mm. The presence of accessory left atrial appendage was observed in one specimen. The distance between LAA orifice and oval fossa was 27.5±5.5 mm.
We highlighted the anatomic features of LAA and LAA orifice. LAA diameters, shape and the relation between neighboring structures in relation to atrial fibrillation and surgical approaches were discussed.
左心耳是一个重要的解剖区域，因为它是房颤患者血栓栓塞的来源。尽管存在这种解剖学与临床的关系，但直到近年来它才受到较少关注。
本描述性实验室研究在56例成年福尔马林固定尸体心脏上进行。记录左心耳的形态特征。本研究还测量了左上肺静脉口、回旋支动脉、左前降支动脉、二尖瓣与左心耳之间的距离。
左心耳的形态外观以两种不同方式分类。根据第一种分类有两种类型：像弯曲手指一样细长型（占73.2%）和树桩样型（占26.8%）。64.3%的标本左心耳叶数为两个，35.7%为三个。根据第二种分类，左心耳的类型有仙人掌型（24%）、鸡翅型（12%）、风袋型（38%）和菜花型（26%）。37.5%的左心耳口为椭圆形，62.5%为圆形。在一个标本中发现口上有桥。左心耳口最长直径为16.5±4毫米。在一个标本中观察到副左心耳的存在。左心耳口与卵圆窝之间的距离为27.5±5.5毫米。
我们强调了左心耳及其开口的解剖特征。讨论了左心耳直径、形状以及与房颤和手术入路相关的相邻结构之间的关系。
