Al-Hazzaa H M, Al-Sobayel H I, Abahussain N A, Qahwaji D M, Alahmadi M A, Musaiger A O
Pediatric Exercise Physiology Research Laboratory, College of Education, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Scientific Boards, Obesity Research Chair, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
J Hum Nutr Diet. 2014 Apr;27 Suppl 2:204-13. doi: 10.1111/jhn.12147. Epub 2013 Jul 27.
Understanding the inter-relationships between lifestyle factors in youth is important with respect to the development of effective promotional programmes for healthy eating and active living. The present study aimed to explore the associations of dietary habits (DH) with physical activity (PA) and screen time (ST) among Saudi adolescents aged between 15 and 19 years of age relative to gender.
Data were obtained from the Arab Teens Lifestyle Study, a school-based multicentre lifestyle study conducted in 2009/2010 in three major cities in Saudi Arabia. A multistage stratified cluster random sampling technique was used. The number of participants with complete data for DH and PA was 2886 and the respective number for DH and ST was 2822. Assessment included weight, height, body mass index, total daily ST (television viewing, video/computer games and Internet use), PA and DH using self-reported questionnaires.
Females were significantly more sedentary and less active than males (P < 0.001). Two-way analysis of covariance, controlling for age, showed significant (P < 0.05) gender by PA and gender by ST interactions for several DH. Logistic regression analyses revealed significant associations of higher PA with a higher consumption of fruit, vegetables, milk, French fries/potato chips and energy drinks, whereas higher ST was significantly associated with a higher consumption of sugar-sweetened drinks, fast foods, cake/doughnuts and energy drinks.
Healthful dietary habits were associated mostly with PA, whereas sedentary behaviours, independent of PA, negatively impacted upon eating behaviours. The low PA levels and high sedentary levels of Saudi females represent a great concern. The results reported in the present study have important implications for both youth public health policies and intervention programmes.
了解青少年生活方式因素之间的相互关系对于制定有效的健康饮食和积极生活方式推广计划至关重要。本研究旨在探讨15至19岁沙特青少年的饮食习惯（DH）与身体活动（PA）及屏幕时间（ST）之间的关联，并按性别进行比较。
数据来自阿拉伯青少年生活方式研究，这是一项2009/2010年在沙特阿拉伯三个主要城市开展的基于学校的多中心生活方式研究。采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样技术。拥有完整饮食习惯和身体活动数据的参与者有2886人，拥有完整饮食习惯和屏幕时间数据的参与者有2822人。评估内容包括体重、身高、体重指数、每日总屏幕时间（看电视、玩视频/电脑游戏和使用互联网）、身体活动以及通过自我报告问卷获取的饮食习惯。
女性比男性久坐不动的时间明显更长，活动量明显更少（P < 0.001）。在控制年龄的双向协方差分析中，对于几种饮食习惯，身体活动和屏幕时间的性别交互作用显著（P < 0.05）。逻辑回归分析显示，较高的身体活动与水果、蔬菜、牛奶、炸薯条/薯片和能量饮料的较高摄入量显著相关，而较长的屏幕时间与含糖饮料、快餐、蛋糕/甜甜圈和能量饮料的较高摄入量显著相关。
健康的饮食习惯大多与身体活动相关，而久坐行为，无论身体活动情况如何，都会对饮食行为产生负面影响。沙特女性较低的身体活动水平和较高的久坐水平令人担忧。本研究报告的结果对青少年公共卫生政策和干预计划都具有重要意义。
