Department of Medical Research, Yangon, Union of Myanmar.
Toxicon. 1990;28(5):461-7. doi: 10.1016/0041-0101(90)90290-n.
Sixteen rabbits were injected s.c. with 2 LD50 doses of Russell's viper venom. Kidneys from 10 rabbits that died after envenomation were examined by microdissection and light microscopy. Nephrons from five animals showed destruction of the proximal tubules with normal distal tubules. Nephrons from three animals were normal throughout, while those from two animals were destroyed. In the in vitro experiment, kidney slices from normal rabbits were incubated with varying dilutions of Russell's viper venom, Russell's viper venom and antivenom mixture, antivenom alone or saline controls, at 37 degrees C for varying time intervals. Scattered areas of tubular damage were found in kidney tissues incubated in 5 mg/ml Russell's viper venom for 2 hr. This damage was prevented by antivenom. Abnormal appearances were not seen in kidney tissues incubated with antivenom alone or saline. In the present study, direct nephrotoxic action of Russell's viper venom was observed both in the in vivo and in vitro tests, however, part of the damage in vivo could be of an ischemic nature.
给16只兔子皮下注射2倍半数致死量的罗素蝰蛇毒。对10只在注射毒液后死亡的兔子的肾脏进行显微解剖和光学显微镜检查。来自5只动物的肾单位显示近端小管破坏而远端小管正常。来自3只动物的肾单位整体正常，而来自2只动物的肾单位被破坏。在体外实验中，将正常兔子的肾切片与不同稀释度的罗素蝰蛇毒、罗素蝰蛇毒与抗蛇毒血清混合物、单独的抗蛇毒血清或生理盐水对照在37℃孵育不同时间间隔。在5mg/ml罗素蝰蛇毒中孵育2小时的肾组织中发现了散在的肾小管损伤区域。抗蛇毒血清可预防这种损伤。单独用抗蛇毒血清或生理盐水孵育的肾组织未见异常表现。在本研究中，在体内和体外试验中均观察到罗素蝰蛇毒的直接肾毒性作用，然而，体内的部分损伤可能具有缺血性质。
