Montaño Orlando José Ferrer, Morales Isabel Cristina
Departamento de Biologia, Facultad Experimental de Ciencias, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, estado Zulia, Venezuela.
Rev Biol Trop. 2013 Mar;61(1):173-80. doi: 10.15517/rbt.v61i1.10943.
Acoupa weakfish, Cynoscion acoupa, in Lake Maracaibo is subject to intense commercial fishing by an artisanal fleet, and a recent decrease in fish size observed from landings is of concern. This fishery has not yet been modeled, and its assessment and the establishment of management practices to overcome the current overfished condition are urgently needed. To address this, we used recent and past empirical growth estimates to model relative yield-per-recruit under different lengths at first capture. Our results from relative yield-per-recruit analysis showed evidence that growth and recruitment overfishing occur under current fishing practices in Lake Maracaibo. Particular attention was given to fishing practices in El Tablazo Bay where young, small fish predominate in the commercial catches (mean total length=33.7cm), well below the length at first sexual maturity (-40cm TL) for both sexes. As management strategies, we propose to set a mesh size limit at or above 8.89cm (3.5in), which will reduce fishing mortality of immature fish, increase yield-per-recruit, and will result in an increase of Acoupa weakfish recruitment for the long term in Lake Maracaibo.
马拉开波湖的阿库帕犬牙石首鱼（Cynoscion acoupa）面临着个体渔民船队的高强度商业捕捞，最近从上岸渔获物中观察到的鱼体尺寸减小令人担忧。该渔业尚未建立模型，迫切需要对其进行评估并制定管理措施以克服当前的过度捕捞状况。为了解决这个问题，我们利用近期和过去的经验性生长估计值，对不同初次捕捞长度下的相对单位补充量产量进行建模。我们的相对单位补充量产量分析结果表明，在马拉开波湖当前的捕捞方式下，生长型和补充型过度捕捞现象确实存在。我们特别关注了埃尔塔布拉佐湾的捕捞方式，该湾商业渔获物中幼鱼和小鱼占主导（平均全长 = 33.7 厘米），远低于两性的初次性成熟长度（-40 厘米总长度）。作为管理策略，我们建议设定网目尺寸限制为 8.89 厘米（3.5 英寸）或以上，这将降低未成熟鱼的捕捞死亡率，提高单位补充量产量，并将导致马拉开波湖阿库帕犬牙石首鱼的补充量长期增加。
