Transport Research Laboratory, Crowthorne House, Nine Mile Ride, Wokingham, Berkshire RG40 3GA, UK.
Accid Anal Prev. 2013 Oct;59:425-31. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2013.06.038. Epub 2013 Jul 6.
Novice drivers are overrepresented in traffic collisions, especially in their first year of solo driving. It is widely accepted that some driving behaviours (such as speeding and thrill-seeking) increase risk in this group. Increasingly research is suggesting that attitudes and behavioural intentions held in the pre-driver and learning stage are important in determining later driver behaviour in solo driving. In this study we examine changes in several self-reported attitudes and behavioural intentions across the learning stage in a sample of learner drivers in Great Britain. A sample of 204 learner drivers completed a self-report questionnaire near the beginning of their learning, and then again shortly after they passed their practical driving test. Results showed that self-reported intentions regarding speed choice, perceptions regarding skill level, and intentions regarding thrill-seeking (through driving) became less safe over this time period, while self-reported intentions regarding following distance and overtaking tendency became safer. The results are discussed with reference to models of driver behaviour that focus on task difficulty; it is suggested that the manner in which behind-the-wheel experience relates to the risk measures of interest may be the key determining factor in how these change over the course of learning to drive.
新手驾驶员在交通事故中占比较大，尤其是在他们独自驾驶的第一年。人们普遍认为，一些驾驶行为（如超速和追求刺激）会增加该群体的风险。越来越多的研究表明，在驾驶前和学习阶段持有的态度和行为意图对于确定以后的独自驾驶行为至关重要。在这项研究中，我们研究了英国一组学习驾驶员在学习阶段几个自我报告的态度和行为意图的变化。一组 204 名学习驾驶员在学习初期完成了一份自我报告问卷，然后在他们通过实际驾驶考试后不久再次完成了这份问卷。结果表明，在这段时间内，关于速度选择的自我报告意图、关于技能水平的看法以及关于（通过驾驶）寻求刺激的意图变得不那么安全，而关于保持车距和超车倾向的自我报告意图变得更加安全。结果参考了关注任务难度的驾驶员行为模型进行了讨论；有人认为，实际驾驶经验与感兴趣的风险措施之间的关系方式可能是这些变化在学习驾驶过程中如何变化的关键决定因素。
