Marine Science Department, University of Hawai'i, Hilo, 200 W. Kawili St., Hilo, HI 96720, USA.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2013 Sep 15;74(1):170-4. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.07.008. Epub 2013 Jul 26.
One of the primary threats to ocean ecosystems from plastic pollution is ingestion by marine organisms. Well-documented in seabirds, turtles, and marine mammals, ingestion by fish and sharks has received less attention until recently. We suggest that fishes of a variety of sizes attack drifting plastic with high frequency, as evidenced by the apparent bite marks commonly left behind. We examined 5518 plastic items from random plots on Kamilo Point, Hawai'i Island, and found 15.8% to have obvious signs of attack. Extrapolated to the entire amount of debris removed from the 15 km area, over 1.3 tons of plastic is attacked each year. Items with a bottle shape, or those blue or yellow in color, were attacked with a higher frequency. The triangular edges or punctures left by teeth ranged from 1 to 20 mm in width suggesting a variety of species attack plastic items. More research is needed to document the specific fishes and rates of plastic ingestion.
塑料污染对海洋生态系统的主要威胁之一是被海洋生物摄入。海鸟、海龟和海洋哺乳动物的体内已发现大量塑料，而鱼类和鲨鱼体内的塑料则直到最近才受到关注。我们认为，各种大小的鱼类会高频攻击漂浮的塑料，因为常见的明显咬痕就是证据。我们在夏威夷岛卡米洛角的随机区域检查了 5518 个塑料物品，发现其中 15.8%有明显的被攻击迹象。从 15 公里范围内清除的所有碎片中推断，每年有超过 1.3 吨的塑料受到攻击。具有瓶状外形或蓝色或黄色的物品被攻击的频率更高。牙齿留下的三角形边缘或刺孔宽度从 1 毫米到 20 毫米不等，表明有多种物种会攻击塑料物品。需要更多的研究来记录具体的鱼类和塑料摄入量。
