Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Aquática e Pesca, and Laboratório de Biologia Pesqueira e Manejo dos Recursos Aquáticos, Grupo de Ecologia Aquática, 2651 Avenida Perimetral, 66040-830, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil.
Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, and Winemiller Aquatic Ecology Lab, 454 Throckmorton Street, TX, 77840, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA.
Environ Pollut. 2019 Jan;244:766-773. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.088. Epub 2018 Oct 25.
Reported here is the first evidence of plastic ingestion by freshwater fishes in the Amazon. Plastic bags, bottles, fishing gear, and other products are entering Amazonian water bodies and degrade into meso- and micro-plastic particles that may be ingested, either directly or indirectly via food chains, by fishes. Examination of stomach contents from 172 specimens of 16 serrasalmid species from lower Xingu River Basin revealed consumption of plastic particles by fishes in each of three trophic guilds (herbivores, omnivores, carnivores). Overall, about one quarter of specimens and 80% of species analyzed had ingested plastic particles ranging from 1 to 15 mm in length. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated 12 polymer types, including 27% identified as polyethylene, 13% polyvinyl chloride, 13% polyamide, 13% polypropylene, 7% poly(methyl methacrylate), 7% rayon, 7% polyethylene terephtalate, and 13% a blend of polyamide and polyethylene terephtalate. Dimensions of ingested plastic particles varied among trophic guilds, even though the frequency and mass of ingested particles were not significantly different among fishes with different feeding habits.
这里报道了亚马逊淡水鱼类摄入塑料的首例证据。塑料袋、瓶子、渔具和其他产品正在进入亚马逊水域，并降解为中观和微观塑料颗粒，这些颗粒可能通过食物链被鱼类直接或间接地摄入，无论是通过食物链还是通过食物链。对来自下欣古河盆地的 16 种锯齿鱼科 172 个标本的胃内容物进行检查，发现三个营养阶层（草食性、杂食性和肉食性）的鱼类都在摄入塑料颗粒。总体而言，约四分之一的标本和分析的 80%的物种摄入了长度在 1 到 15 毫米之间的塑料颗粒。傅里叶变换红外光谱表明有 12 种聚合物类型，其中包括 27%的聚乙烯、13%的聚氯乙烯、13%的聚酰胺、13%的聚丙烯、7%的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、7%的人造丝、7%的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯和 13%的聚酰胺和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的混合物。尽管不同食性的鱼类摄入的颗粒的频率和质量没有显著差异，但摄入的塑料颗粒的尺寸在营养阶层之间有所不同。
