Webb Mi-young L, Lederberg Amy R
J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2014 Feb;57(1):131-42. doi: 10.1044/1092-4388(2013/12-0106).
This study evaluated psychometric properties of 2 phonological awareness (PA) tests normed for hearing children when used with deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) children with functional hearing. It also provides an in-depth description of these children's PA.
One hundred and eight DHH children (mean age = 63.3 months) with cochlear implants or hearing aids were assessed in the fall and spring of the school year. Sixty-three percent communicated only with spoken language; 37% communicated with both sign and speech. Examiners administered PA subtests from the Phonological Awareness Test-2 and the Test of Preschool Early Literacy, along with assessments of speech perception and early literacy.
Item analyses indicated that both tests showed good psychometric properties (e.g., high item discriminations and internal consistencies). DHH children scored higher on subtests and items that measured words, rhymes, and syllables than those that assessed phonemes. Although subtest difficulty influenced the factor structure in the fall, spring PA was best characterized as a single factor. PA correlated concurrently and predictively with early literacy.
This study suggests that these 2 standardized tests are valid for use with DHH children with functional hearing. Although delayed, these children's PA was structurally similar to that of hearing children.
本研究评估了两项针对听力正常儿童进行标准化的语音意识（PA）测试在用于有功能性听力的聋儿和重听儿童（DHH）时的心理测量特性。同时，本研究还深入描述了这些儿童的语音意识。
在学年的秋季和春季对108名佩戴人工耳蜗或助听器的DHH儿童（平均年龄=63.3个月）进行了评估。63%的儿童仅通过口语交流；37%的儿童通过手语和口语进行交流。考官对语音意识测试-2和学前早期读写能力测试中的PA子测试进行了施测，并同时进行了言语感知和早期读写能力评估。
项目分析表明，两项测试均显示出良好的心理测量特性（例如，较高的项目区分度和内部一致性）。DHH儿童在测量单词、押韵和音节的子测试及项目上的得分高于评估音素的子测试及项目。尽管子测试难度在秋季影响了因素结构，但春季的PA最好被描述为单一因素。PA与早期读写能力同时相关且具有预测性。
本研究表明，这两项标准化测试适用于有功能性听力的DHH儿童。尽管这些儿童的PA发展有所延迟，但其结构与听力正常儿童相似。
