Pang Zheng, Li De-Xin
National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 102206, China.
Bing Du Xue Bao. 2013 May;29(3):349-56.
Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) refer to a group of acute infections with high case fatality rates that are caused by four distinct families of RNA viruses belonging to the families Bunyaviridae, Flaviviridae, Filoviridae and Arenaviridae, the main clinical symptoms of these diseases are accompanied by fever and bleeding. For the reason that these infections have similar primary clinical symptoms, it is difficult to diagnose and distinguish them; rapid and reliable laboratory diagnostic tests are required in suspected cases for epidemiological investigation and controlling the spread of VHFs. This review addresses the laboratory diagnostics of VHFs, covering etiological classification and different diagnostic techniques, such as virus isolation, nucleic acid detection, as well as antigen and antibody assays. Prospects for novel diagnostic tools are also discussed.
病毒性出血热（VHFs）是指由布尼亚病毒科、黄病毒科、丝状病毒科和沙粒病毒科四个不同的RNA病毒家族引起的一组具有高病死率的急性感染，这些疾病的主要临床症状伴有发热和出血。由于这些感染具有相似的主要临床症状，因此难以诊断和区分它们；疑似病例需要快速可靠的实验室诊断测试以进行流行病学调查和控制VHFs的传播。本综述论述了VHFs的实验室诊断，涵盖病因分类和不同的诊断技术，如病毒分离、核酸检测以及抗原和抗体检测。还讨论了新型诊断工具的前景。
