Maner M Lake, Hanula James L, Braman S Kristine
Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
Environ Entomol. 2013 Aug;42(4):642-7. doi: 10.1603/EN13014.
Flight and emergence of the redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff, were monitored from March 2011 through August 2012 using Lindgren funnel traps baited with manuka oil and emergence traps attached over individual beetle galleries on infested redbay (Persea borbonia (L.) Sprengel) trees. Of the 432 gallery entrances covered with emergence traps, 235 (54.4%) successfully produced at least two adults. Gallery success rates and time until adult emergence were highly variable and strongly depended on time of year galleries were initiated. Successful galleries produced 23.4 ± 2.50 (x ± SE) adult X. glabratus but one had 316 adults emerge from it. Galleries were active for an average of 231.9 ± 6.13 d but five were active for over 1 yr and one gallery produced beetles for 497 d. In total, 5,345 female and 196 males were collected during the study resulting in a sex ratio of ~27:1 (female:male) emerging from galleries. Ambrosia beetles other than X. glabratus were recovered from 18 galleries or ~4% of those studied. Beetles that attacked larger diameter trees were more likely to be successful and produce more brood. Lindgren trap captures reflected emergence trap collections but with a delay of about 1 mo between peaks in emergence and capture in traps. Peaks of activity occurred in fall 2011 and spring 2012, but at least some adult beetles were collected using both methods in every month of the year.
2011年3月至2012年8月期间，使用用麦卢卡油诱饵的Lindgren漏斗诱捕器以及安装在受侵染的红楠（Persea borbonia (L.) Sprengel）树上单个甲虫蛀道上方的羽化诱捕器，对光滑材小蠹（Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff）的飞行和羽化情况进行了监测。在432个覆盖有羽化诱捕器的蛀道入口中，有235个（54.4%）成功羽化出至少两只成虫。蛀道成功率和成虫羽化所需时间变化很大，并且强烈依赖于蛀道开始形成的年份时间。成功的蛀道羽化出23.4 ± 2.50（x ± SE）只光滑材小蠹成虫，但有一个蛀道羽化出316只成虫。蛀道平均活跃231.9 ± 6.13天，但有5个蛀道活跃超过1年，有一个蛀道产生甲虫的时间长达497天。在研究期间，总共收集到5345只雌虫和196只雄虫，蛀道羽化出的雌雄比例约为27:1（雌:雄）。从18个蛀道（约占研究蛀道的4%）中发现了除光滑材小蠹之外的其他小蠹虫。攻击直径较大树木的甲虫更有可能成功并产生更多后代。Lindgren诱捕器捕获情况反映了羽化诱捕器的收集结果，但羽化高峰期和诱捕器捕获高峰期之间有大约1个月的延迟。活动高峰期出现在2011年秋季和2012年春季，但使用两种方法在一年中的每个月都至少收集到了一些成虫。
