Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
Pediatr Clin North Am. 2013 Aug;60(4):893-902. doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2013.04.013. Epub 2013 Jun 14.
Laryngomalacia is the most common cause of stridor in infants. Stridor results from upper airway obstruction caused by collapse of supraglottic tissue into the airway. Most cases of laryngomalacia are mild and self-resolve, but severe symptoms require investigation and intervention. There is a strong association with gastroesophageal reflux disease in patients with laryngomalacia, and thus medical treatment with antireflux medications may be indicated. Supraglottoplasty is the preferred surgical treatment of laryngomalacia, reserved only for severe cases. Proper identification of those patients who require medical and surgical intervention is key to providing treatment with successful outcomes.
先天性喉软化是婴儿喘鸣最常见的原因。喘鸣是由于会厌上方组织塌陷进入气道引起的上呼吸道阻塞所致。大多数先天性喉软化病例为轻度且可自行缓解，但严重症状需要进行调查和干预。患有先天性喉软化的患者与胃食管反流病有很强的关联性，因此可能需要使用抗反流药物进行医学治疗。杓状软骨切除术是先天性喉软化的首选手术治疗方法，仅适用于严重病例。正确识别需要进行医学和手术干预的患者是提供成功治疗结果的关键。
