Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2013 Aug;21(8):480-91. doi: 10.5435/JAAOS-21-08-480.
Sarcomas are a rare, heterogeneous group of malignant tumors of the bone or soft tissue. Although historically intended for the pharmaceutical treatment of microbes, today chemotherapy is used in orthopaedic oncology and is arguably the primary reason for improved survivorship. Agents such as anthracyclines (eg, doxorubicin), alkylating agents (eg, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide), antimetabolites (eg, methotrexate), topoisomerase inhibitors (eg, etoposide [VP-16]), vinca alkaloids (eg, vincristine), and cytotoxic antibiotics (eg, actinomycin D) are used in various combinations to manage different types of tumors. Side effects are common and range from mild to severe. The effectiveness of the chemotherapy regimen correlates with the extent of tumor necrosis.
肉瘤是一种罕见的、异质性的恶性肿瘤，发生于骨或软组织。虽然历史上用于治疗微生物的药物，但今天在骨肿瘤学中使用化疗，可以说是提高生存率的主要原因。阿霉素（如多柔比星）、烷化剂（如环磷酰胺、异环磷酰胺）、抗代谢物（如甲氨蝶呤）、拓扑异构酶抑制剂（如依托泊苷[VP-16]）、长春碱类（如长春新碱）和细胞毒性抗生素（如放线菌素 D）等药物以不同的组合方式用于治疗不同类型的肿瘤。副作用是常见的，从轻微到严重不等。化疗方案的有效性与肿瘤坏死的程度相关。
