Nikolaev K S
Vopr Onkol. 2013;59(3):358-62.
Breast cancer in men is 100 times less common than in women. The main risk factors include: the mutation of genes BRCA 1 and 2, Klinefelter's syndrome, alcohol, liver disease, obesity. Clinical examinations, mammography and ultrasound are informative and highly sensitive for early detection of these tumors, but are rarely implemented due to lack of awareness of general practitioners. Local treatment includes the Patey-Dyson mastectomy and radiation therapy. Adjuvant systemic therapy is determined by pTNM and typically involves tamoxifen.
男性乳腺癌的发病率比女性低100倍。主要风险因素包括：BRCA 1和2基因的突变、克兰费尔特综合征、酒精、肝脏疾病、肥胖。临床检查、乳房X线摄影和超声检查对于早期发现这些肿瘤具有参考价值且高度敏感，但由于全科医生认识不足，很少实施。局部治疗包括佩蒂-戴森乳房切除术和放射治疗。辅助性全身治疗由pTNM决定，通常采用他莫昔芬。
