Applied Physics Laboratory and School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105; email:
Ann Rev Mar Sci. 2014;6:101-15. doi: 10.1146/annurev-marine-010213-135138. Epub 2013 Jul 31.
Nearly all operational models of upper-ocean mixing assume that the turbulence responsible for this mixing is driven by the atmospheric fluxes of momentum, heat, and moisture and the shear imposed by the ocean circulation. This idealization is supported by historical measurements of dissipation rate within the boundary layer. Detailed measurements made recently by many investigators and supported by theoretical and numerical results have found significant deviations from this classical view attributable to the influence of surface waves. Although a review of these measurements finds strong support for the influence of waves-and, in particular, for the predictions of large-eddy simulations, including the Craik-Leibovich vortex force-there are insufficient data to give definitive support to a new paradigm.
几乎所有上层海洋混合的操作模型都假设，负责这种混合的湍流是由大气动量、热量和湿度通量以及海洋环流产生的切变驱动的。这种理想化的观点得到了边界层内耗散率的历史测量的支持。最近，许多研究人员进行了详细的测量，并得到了理论和数值结果的支持，发现了与经典观点明显偏离的现象，这归因于表面波的影响。尽管对这些测量结果的回顾发现，波浪的影响得到了强有力的支持——特别是包括 Craik-Leibovich 涡旋力在内的大涡模拟的预测——但是数据还不足以对新的范例提供明确的支持。
