SERAF - Norwegian Centre for Addiction Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Directorate of Health, Oslo, Norway.
Acta Paediatr. 2013 Nov;102(11):1060-6. doi: 10.1111/apa.12378. Epub 2013 Sep 2.
To examine the rate and duration of breastfeeding in a cohort of women in opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) in Norway, as well as the effect of breastfeeding on the incidence and duration of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS).
A national cohort of 124 women treated with either methadone or buprenorphine during pregnancy, and their neonates born between 1999 and 2009, was evaluated in three study parts. A standardized questionnaire was administered, and medical information from the hospitals and municipalities were collected to confirm self-reported data.
There were high initiation rates of breastfeeding (77%) for women in OMT, but also high rates of early cessation of breastfeeding. Breastfed neonates exposed to methadone prenatally had significantly lower incidence of NAS requiring pharmacotherapy (53% vs. 80%), and both the whole group of infants and the methadone-exposed neonates needed shorter pharmacological treatment of NAS (p < 0.05) than neonates who were not breastfed.
Breastfed neonates exposed to OMT medication prenatally, and methadone-exposed newborns in particular, have lower incidence of NAS and require shorter pharmacotherapy for NAS than infants who are not breastfed. The results add to the evidence regarding the benefits of breastfeeding for neonates prenatally exposed to OMT medications.
在挪威接受阿片类药物维持治疗（OMT）的女性队列中，检查母乳喂养的比例和持续时间，以及母乳喂养对新生儿戒断综合征（NAS）发生率和持续时间的影响。
在三个研究部分中，评估了 1999 年至 2009 年期间接受美沙酮或丁丙诺啡治疗的 124 名孕妇及其新生儿组成的全国性队列。采用标准化问卷，并从医院和市政当局收集医疗信息以确认自我报告的数据。
接受 OMT 的女性母乳喂养的初始比例很高（77%），但母乳喂养的早期中断率也很高。与未接受母乳喂养的婴儿相比，接受美沙酮产前暴露的母乳喂养新生儿发生需要药物治疗的 NAS 的发生率明显较低（53% vs. 80%），而且所有婴儿和接受美沙酮暴露的新生儿接受 NAS 药物治疗的时间也较短（p < 0.05）。
与未接受母乳喂养的婴儿相比，接受 OMT 药物产前暴露的母乳喂养新生儿，尤其是接受美沙酮暴露的新生儿，发生 NAS 的发生率较低，NAS 的药物治疗时间也较短。这些结果增加了关于产前暴露于 OMT 药物的新生儿母乳喂养益处的证据。
