Institute for Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
Gene. 2013 Oct 10;528(2):163-9. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.07.026. Epub 2013 Jul 31.
Oregano (Origanum vulgare L., Lamiaceae) is a medicinal and aromatic plant maybe best known for flavouring pizza. New applications e.g. as natural antioxidants for food are emerging due to the plants' high antibacterial and antioxidant activity. The complete chloroplast (cp) genome of Origanum vulgare (GenBank/EBML/DDBJ accession number: JX880022) consists of 151,935 bp and includes a pair of inverted repeats (IR) of 25,527 bp separated by one small and one large single copy region (SSC and LSC) of 17,745 and 83,136 bp, respectively. The genome with an overall GC content of 38% hosts 114 genes that covering 63% of the genome of which 8% were introns. The comparison of the Origanum cp genome with the cp genomes of two other core lamiales (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge and Sesamum indicum L.) revealed completely conserved protein-coding regions in the IR region but also in the LSC and SSC regions. Phylogenetic analysis of the lamiids based on 56 protein-coding genes give a hint at the basic structure of the Lamiales. However, further genomes will be necessary to clarify this taxonomically complicated order. The variability of the cp within the genus Origanum, studied exemplarily on 16 different chloroplast DNA regions, demonstrated that in 14 regions analyzed, the variability was extremely low (max. 0.7%), while only two regions showed a moderate variability of up to 2.3%. The cp genome of Origanum vulgare contains 27 perfect mononucleotide repeats (number of repeats>9) consisting exclusively of the nucleotides A or T. 34 perfect repeats (repeat lengths>1 and number of repeats>3) were found, of which 32 were di-, and 2 were trinucleotide repeats.
牛至（Origanum vulgare L.，唇形科）是一种药用和芳香植物，可能以调味比萨而闻名。由于其具有很高的抗菌和抗氧化活性，新的应用，如作为食品的天然抗氧化剂，正在出现。牛至完整的叶绿体（cp）基因组（GenBank/EBML/DDBJ 登录号：JX880022）由 151935bp 组成，包括一对 25527bp 的反向重复（IR），由一个小的和一个大的单拷贝区（SSC 和 LSC）隔开，分别为 17745bp 和 83136bp。基因组的总 GC 含量为 38%，包含 114 个基因，覆盖基因组的 63%，其中 8%为内含子。牛至 cp 基因组与另外两个核心唇形目植物（丹参和芝麻）的 cp 基因组的比较显示，IR 区、LSC 区和 SSC 区完全保守的蛋白质编码区。基于 56 个蛋白质编码基因的 Lamiales 系统发育分析提示了 Lamiales 的基本结构。然而，需要进一步的基因组来阐明这个分类上复杂的目。对牛至属内 cp 的变异性进行了研究，在 16 个不同的叶绿体 DNA 区域进行了示例研究，结果表明，在分析的 14 个区域中，变异性极低（最高 0.7%），而只有 2 个区域显示出高达 2.3%的中度变异性。牛至叶绿体基因组包含 27 个完全的单核苷酸重复（重复次数>9），仅由 A 或 T 组成。发现 34 个完全重复（重复长度>1 且重复次数>3），其中 32 个是二核苷酸重复，2 个是三核苷酸重复。
