Emerging approaches in fermentative production of statins.

Microbial metabolites have many important applications in pharmaceutical and health-care industry. The products of microbial origin are usually produced by submerged fermentation. The solid-state fermentation represents an alternative mode of fermentation, which is increasingly being employed as an alternative to submerged fermentation for metabolite production. The prospect of producing high-value product using low-value raw material offers a substantial premium to switch to these technologies. The cost of statins being one major factor, solid-state fermentation with agro-industrial residues as carbon, nitrogen and support matrix, promises to substantially lower the cost of production. Hence, newer approaches are required to exploit the agro-industrial residues for statin production. The development of these technologies offers an opportunity to exploit low-cost substrates without substantial investment in newer production methodologies. The emerging evidence of beneficial effect of statins in applications other than lipid lowering such as in Alzheimer disease, HIV, age-related dementia, and cancer chemotherapy makes it very important to develop methods for economic production of statins.