Wang Wen-Jian, Chu Ling, Si Chun, Zhu Ren, Chen Wen-Hao, Chen Fang-Ming, Yan Yun-Zhi
College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University; Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotic Environment and Ecological Safety in Anhui Province, Wuhu 241000, China.
Dongwuxue Yanjiu. 2013 Aug;34(4):417-28. doi: 10.11813/j.issn.0254-5853.2013.4.0417.
Identifying and clarifying how stream fish assemblage patterns vary spatially and temporally are basic measures for the conservation and management of fish species. Based on data collected from 24 wadeable reaches within the Qiupu Headwaters National Wetland Park between May and October 2012, we examined the spatial and temporal patterns of the assemblage structures and diversities, collecting a total of 29 fish species belonging to four orders and ten families. The results of our survey showed influences of local habitat and tributary spatial position variables on fish assemblages. Fish diversity showed significant variations across stream-orders and seasons, which were higher in the second-order streams than in first-order streams and higher in October than in May. Habitat factors such as substrate coarseness and heterogeneity, water temperature and water depth, as well as tributary position factor-link, showed significant effects on fish diversity. Fish assemblages fitted the nested pattern that upstream assemblages presented as a nested subset of downstream assemblages. Fish assemblage structures did not vary significantly across seasons but did across stream-orders; fish assemblages between first- and second-order streams showed significant differences despite some overlap. These spatial differences mainly resulted from spatial variations of the relative abundance of Cobitis rarus, Ctenogobius sp., Zacco platypus, Phoxinus oxycephalus, Rhodeus ocellatus and Vanmanenia stenosoma, among which P. oxycephalus had higher abundance in first-order than in second-order streams but the other five species were more abundant in second-order streams. Fish assemblage structures were significantly related to substrate heterogeneity, water depth, stream order, link and C-link.
识别并阐明溪流鱼类群落模式如何随空间和时间变化，是鱼类物种保护和管理的基本措施。基于2012年5月至10月期间在秋浦河源国家湿地公园内24个可涉水河段收集的数据，我们研究了群落结构和多样性的时空模式，共采集到29种鱼类，分属于4目10科。我们的调查结果显示了当地栖息地和支流空间位置变量对鱼类群落的影响。鱼类多样性在不同溪流等级和季节间存在显著差异，二级溪流中的鱼类多样性高于一级溪流，10月高于5月。诸如基质粗糙度和异质性、水温、水深等栖息地因素，以及支流位置因素——连接度，对鱼类多样性均有显著影响。鱼类群落符合嵌套模式，即上游群落是下游群落的嵌套子集。鱼类群落结构在不同季节间无显著变化，但在不同溪流等级间存在显著差异；尽管有部分重叠，但一级和二级溪流间的鱼类群落仍存在显著差异。这些空间差异主要源于稀有鳅鮀、似刺鳊鮈、宽鳍鱲、尖头鱥、中华鳑鲏和细体拟鲿相对丰度的空间变化，其中尖头鱥在一级溪流中的丰度高于二级溪流，而其他5种在二级溪流中更为丰富。鱼类群落结构与基质异质性、水深、溪流等级、连接度和C连接度显著相关。
