Jelaska Petra Mandić, Katić Ratko, Jelaska Igor
University of Split, Faculty of Kinesiology, Split, Croatia.
Coll Antropol. 2013 May;37 Suppl 2:69-76.
The aim of this study was to determine the structure of morphological and motor characteristics of Croatian first league female football players and their impact on the estimated quality of the players. According to the goal of the research, a sample consisted of 70 Croatian first league female football players. Participants were measured in 18 tests for assessing morphological characteristics, a set of 12 basic motor abilities tests and a set of 7 tests for assessing football-specific motor abilities. Exploratory factor analysis strategy was applied separately to all measured tests: morphological, basic motor abilities and football specific motor abilities. Factor analysis of morphological tests has shown existence of 3 significant latent dimensions that explain 64% of the total variability. Factors are defined as transverse dimensionality of the skeleton and voluminosity (35%), subcutaneous fat tissue (16%) and longitudinal dimensionality of the skeleton (13%). In the area of basic motor abilities, four factors were extracted. The first factor is responsible for the integration of agility and explosive power of legs, i.e. a factor of movement regulation (agility/lower body explosiveness) (23%), the second one defines muscle tone regulation (15%), the third one defines the frequency of leg movements (12%), while the fourth one is recognized as responsible for the manifestation of basic strength, particularly of basic core strength (19%). Two factors were isolated in the space of football-specific motor abilities: football-specific efficiency (53%) and situational football coordination (27%). Furthermore, by use of factor analysis on extracted latent dimensions (morphological, basic and football specific motor abilities) two higher order factors (explaining 87% of common variability) were extracted. They were named morphological-motor factor (54%) and football-specific motor abilities factor (33%). It is assumed that two extracted higher-order factors fully describe morphological and motor status of first league female football players. Furthermore, the linear regression results in latent space showed that the identified factors are very good predictors of female football players quality (delta = 0.959). In doing so, both specific motor abilities factors and the first factor of basic motor abilities as a factor of general motor efficiency have the greatest impact on player quality, and these factors have been identified as most important predictors of player quality in Croatian women's first league and elite female football players in general. Obtained results provide deep insight into the structure of relations between the morphological, motor and specific motor variables and also indicate the importance of such definition of specific motor abilities. Consequently, results explicitly indicate the necessity of early, continuous, and systematic development of football-specific motor abilities in female football players of high competitive level but also, adjusted, to the younger age categories.
本研究的目的是确定克罗地亚甲级联赛女子足球运动员的形态和运动特征结构，以及这些特征对球员估计质量的影响。根据研究目标，样本由70名克罗地亚甲级联赛女子足球运动员组成。对参与者进行了18项评估形态特征的测试、一组12项基本运动能力测试和一组7项评估足球专项运动能力的测试。对所有测量测试（形态、基本运动能力和足球专项运动能力）分别应用探索性因素分析策略。形态测试的因素分析表明存在3个显著的潜在维度，解释了总变异性的64%。这些因素被定义为骨骼的横向维度和体积（35%）、皮下脂肪组织（16%）以及骨骼的纵向维度（13%）。在基本运动能力方面，提取了四个因素。第一个因素负责腿部敏捷性和爆发力的整合，即运动调节因素（敏捷性/下肢爆发力）（23%），第二个因素定义肌肉张力调节（15%），第三个因素定义腿部运动频率（12%），而第四个因素被认为负责基本力量的表现，特别是基本核心力量（19%）。在足球专项运动能力方面分离出两个因素：足球专项效率（53%）和情境足球协调性（27%）。此外，通过对提取的潜在维度（形态、基本和足球专项运动能力）进行因素分析，提取了两个高阶因素（解释了87%的共同变异性）。它们被命名为形态 - 运动因素（54%）和足球专项运动能力因素（33%）。假定提取的两个高阶因素充分描述了甲级联赛女子足球运动员的形态和运动状态。此外，潜在空间中的线性回归结果表明，所确定的因素是女子足球运动员质量的良好预测指标（δ = 0.959）。在此过程中，特定运动能力因素和作为一般运动效率因素的基本运动能力的第一个因素对球员质量影响最大，并且这些因素已被确定为克罗地亚女子甲级联赛及一般精英女子足球运动员质量的最重要预测指标。获得的结果深入洞察了形态、运动和特定运动变量之间的关系结构，也表明了这种特定运动能力定义的重要性。因此，结果明确表明，对于高水平竞争的女子足球运动员，以及更年轻年龄组的运动员，有必要尽早、持续且系统地发展足球专项运动能力。
