Xu Guang-yi, Kang Rong-hua, Luo Yao, Duan Lei
State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2013 May;34(5):1695-9.
In order to evaluate the status of surface water acidification in Northeast China, chemical composition of 33 small streams was investigated in August, 2011. It was found that only a few waters located in Changbai Mountain had pH of lower than 6.0, and all waters had acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) of higher than 0.2 meq x L(-1). This indicated that surface water acidification was not a regional environmental issue in Northeast China. HCO3- was the major anion, with SO4(2-) concentration mostly below 150 microeq x L(-1) and even much lower NO3- concentration. Low concentration of SO4(2-) and NO3- means no serious acid deposition in this area. However, the distribution of acidic forest soils, with low base cation weathering rate, could only provide limited buffering capacity for surface water to acidification in Northeast China, and the potential risk of water acidification still existed. Currently, acid deposition in Northeast Asia could hardly cause severe acidification of surface water. The neighboring countries should therefore not amplify the environmental impact by transboundary air pollutants from China.
为评估中国东北地区地表水酸化状况，于2011年8月对33条小溪的化学成分进行了调查。结果发现，仅长白山地区少数水体的pH值低于6.0，所有水体的酸中和能力（ANC）均高于0.2 meq×L⁻¹。这表明地表水酸化并非中国东北地区的区域性环境问题。HCO₃⁻是主要阴离子，SO₄²⁻浓度大多低于150 μeq×L⁻¹，NO₃⁻浓度更低。SO₄²⁻和NO₃⁻浓度低意味着该地区不存在严重的酸沉降。然而，酸性森林土壤分布广泛，碱金属阳离子风化率低，这使得中国东北地区地表水对酸化的缓冲能力有限，水酸化的潜在风险依然存在。目前，东北亚地区的酸沉降几乎不会导致地表水严重酸化。因此，周边国家不应夸大来自中国的跨界空气污染物对环境的影响。
