Olivieri Laura, Chasm Rose
Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, 110 South Paca Street, 6th Floor, Suite 200, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2013 Aug;31(3):755-73. doi: 10.1016/j.emc.2013.05.004. Epub 2013 Jul 6.
Despite many advances, the incidence of pediatric-onset diabetes and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is increasing. Diabetes mellitus is 1 of the most common chronic pediatric illnesses and, along with DKA, is associated with significant cost and morbidity. DKA is a complicated metabolic state hallmarked by dehydration and electrolyte disturbances. Treatment involves fluid resuscitation with insulin and electrolyte replacement under constant monitoring for cerebral edema. When DKA is recognized and treated immediately, the prognosis is excellent. However, when a patient has prolonged or multiple courses of DKA or if DKA is complicated by cerebral edema, the results can be devastating.
尽管取得了许多进展，但儿童期糖尿病和糖尿病酮症酸中毒（DKA）的发病率仍在上升。糖尿病是最常见的儿童慢性疾病之一，与DKA一样，会带来巨大的成本和发病率。DKA是一种以脱水和电解质紊乱为特征的复杂代谢状态。治疗包括使用胰岛素进行液体复苏和补充电解质，并持续监测是否发生脑水肿。如果能及时识别并治疗DKA，预后良好。然而，如果患者的DKA病程延长或反复发作，或者DKA并发脑水肿，后果可能是灾难性的。
