Bermel Robert A, Balcer Laura J
Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue Building U10, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2013 Aug;19(4 Multiple Sclerosis):1074-86. doi: 10.1212/01.CON.0000433282.00221.7e.
This review covers causes of visual impairment in multiple sclerosis (MS), differential diagnosis, and treatment. Emerging technologies are sometimes used in assessing the visual system and may require a neurologist's familiarity. The most common causes are emphasized and discussed in detail, including illustrative cases.
The use of optical coherence tomography as both a clinical and research tool has advanced our understanding of how the afferent visual system is affected by MS.
Optic neuritis remains one of the most common initial manifestations of MS, although a number of other causes of visual impairment are possible even in the patient with known MS. Some causes of visual impairment are consequences or complications of MS treatment and are particularly important to recognize. Low-contrast letter acuity and optical coherence tomography are techniques or tests emerging from the research arena that may inform care of the patient with MS and are important for the neurologist to be aware of.
本综述涵盖多发性硬化症（MS）导致视力损害的原因、鉴别诊断及治疗。新兴技术有时用于评估视觉系统，可能需要神经科医生熟悉。重点强调并详细讨论了最常见的原因，包括示例病例。
光学相干断层扫描作为一种临床和研究工具的应用，加深了我们对传入视觉系统如何受MS影响的理解。
视神经炎仍然是MS最常见的初始表现之一，尽管即使在已知患有MS的患者中，也可能存在许多其他导致视力损害的原因。一些视力损害的原因是MS治疗的后果或并发症，认识到这些尤为重要。低对比度字母视力和光学相干断层扫描是源于研究领域的技术或测试，可能为MS患者的护理提供参考，神经科医生了解这些很重要。
