Walsh Kate, Koenen Karestan C, Cohen Gregory H, Ursano Robert, Gifford Robert K, Fullerton Carol S, Galea Sandro
Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, Rm 520, New York, NY, 10032, USA,
J Gen Intern Med. 2014 Jan;29(1):104-9. doi: 10.1007/s11606-013-2555-5.
Reserve and National Guard (NG) soldiers report disproportionate mental health problems relative to active duty military upon returning from the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts. However, few studies have examined whether exposure to particular types of traumatic events (e.g., lifetime sexual violence) is associated with this increased burden of psychopathology.
The current study examined the prevalence of lifetime sexual violence exposure as well as the adjusted odds and population attributable fraction of psychopathology associated with sexual violence in a large sample of male and female Reserve and NG soldiers.
Baseline structured telephone interviews were conducted in 2009.
1,030 Reserve (23 % female) and 973 NG (15 % female) soldiers.
Four items assessed lifetime and deployment-related sexual violence. Probable lifetime and past-year posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression were assessed with the PTSD Checklist and the Patient Health Questionnaire, respectively.
Lifetime sexual violence prevalence was 37.4 % and 27.6 % among Reserve and NG women, and 4.3 % and 3.7 % among Reserve and NG men, respectively. Recent deployment-related sexual violence ranged from 1.4 to 2.6 % for women and 0 % for men. Regression analyses indicated that the adjusted odds of probable past-year and lifetime PTSD and depression were 1.2 to 3.5 times greater among those reporting sexual violence relative to non-victims. The proportion of probable lifetime PTSD and depression attributable to sexual violence was 45.2 % and 16.6 %, respectively, in the Reserves, and 10.3 % and 6.2 %, respectively, in the NG.
Lifetime sexual violence prevalence was high among female soldiers, with approximately one-third of Reserve and National Guard women reporting a history. The majority of sexual violence was not related to the most recent deployment; however, sexual violence contributed to a high burden of psychopathology. Findings emphasize a need to screen for lifetime sexual violence and associated mental disorders in military samples.
预备役和国民警卫队（NG）士兵在从伊拉克和阿富汗冲突地区返回后，所报告的心理健康问题比现役军人更为严重。然而，很少有研究探讨接触特定类型的创伤事件（如终身性暴力）是否与这种精神病理学负担增加有关。
本研究调查了大量预备役和国民警卫队男女士兵样本中终身性暴力暴露的患病率，以及与性暴力相关的精神病理学的调整后比值比和人群归因分数。
2009年进行了基线结构化电话访谈。
1030名预备役士兵（23%为女性）和973名国民警卫队士兵（15%为女性）。
四项条目评估终身性暴力和与部署相关的性暴力。分别使用创伤后应激障碍检查表和患者健康问卷评估可能的终身和过去一年的创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）及抑郁症。
预备役和国民警卫队女性中终身性暴力患病率分别为37.4%和27.6%，预备役和国民警卫队男性中分别为4.3%和3.7%。近期与部署相关的性暴力在女性中为1.4%至2.6%，男性为0%。回归分析表明，报告性暴力的人过去一年和终身患PTSD及抑郁症的调整后比值比相对于未受侵害者高出1.2至3.5倍。在预备役中，因性暴力导致的可能终身PTSD和抑郁症比例分别为45.2%和16.6%，在国民警卫队中分别为10.3%和6.2%。
女性士兵中终身性暴力患病率较高，约三分之一的预备役和国民警卫队女性报告有此类经历。大多数性暴力与最近的部署无关；然而，性暴力导致了较高的精神病理学负担。研究结果强调有必要在军事样本中筛查终身性暴力及相关精神障碍。
