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Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2014 Jan;13(1):45-56. doi: 10.1517/14740338.2013.824965. Epub 2013 Aug 7.
Conjugated equine estrogens (CEE) are widely used for the treatment of menopausal symptoms, such as vasomotor symptoms and vulvovaginal atrophy, and for the prevention of bone loss, in postmenopausal women. The safety profile of CEE has been extensively published over the past 20 years.
Data from randomized controlled trials and from observational studies on the effects of CEE on the risk of breast cancer, endometrial cancer or hyperplasia, other cancers, cardiovascular outcomes, and cognitive function are reviewed. When used alone, CEE are not associated with an increased risk of breast cancer and may be associated with reduced mortality. The risk of cardiovascular events with CEE may be reduced in women who are more recently postmenopausal.
Numerous clinical studies have evaluated the safety of CEE. The data reviewed in this article describe the breast, endometrial, and cardiovascular safety of unopposed CEE. International recommendations describe CEE as the menopausal symptom treatment of choice, particularly in young or recently postmenopausal hysterectomized women.
结合雌激素（CEE）被广泛用于治疗绝经后妇女的更年期症状，如血管舒缩症状和阴道萎缩，并用于预防骨质疏松症。CEE 的安全性在过去 20 年中得到了广泛的发表。
综述了随机对照试验和观察性研究的数据，这些数据研究了 CEE 对乳腺癌、子宫内膜癌或增生、其他癌症、心血管结局和认知功能风险的影响。单独使用 CEE 不会增加患乳腺癌的风险，并且可能与降低死亡率有关。对于最近绝经的妇女，CEE 相关的心血管事件风险可能降低。
许多临床研究评估了 CEE 的安全性。本文综述的研究数据描述了 CEE 在乳房、子宫内膜和心血管方面的安全性。国际建议将 CEE 描述为首选的绝经症状治疗方法，尤其是在年轻或最近绝经的子宫切除术后妇女中。
