a Baltimore , Maryland.
J Pers Assess. 2013;95(6):556-70. doi: 10.1080/00223891.2013.821075. Epub 2013 Aug 7.
I present a very broad overview of what I have learned about personality trait assessment at different levels and offer some views on future directions for research and clinical practice. I review some basic principles of scale development and argue that internal consistency has been overemphasized; more attention to retest reliability is needed. Because protocol validity is crucial for individual assessment and because validity scales have limited utility, I urge combining assessments from multiple informants, and I present some statistical tools for that purpose. As culture-level traits, I discuss ethos, national character stereotypes, and aggregated personality traits, and summarize evidence for the validity of the latter. Our understanding of trait profiles of cultures is limited, but it can guide future exploration.
我将全面介绍我在不同层面上对人格特质评估的了解，并就未来的研究和临床实践方向提出一些看法。我回顾了一些量表开发的基本原则，并认为内部一致性被过分强调了；需要更多关注重测信度。由于协议效度对于个体评估至关重要，而且效度量表的效用有限，我敦促结合来自多个信息源的评估，为此我提出了一些统计工具。作为文化层面的特质，我讨论了精神气质、民族性格刻板印象和聚合人格特质，并总结了后者有效性的证据。我们对文化特质模式的理解是有限的，但它可以指导未来的探索。
