Terracciano A, Abdel-Khalek A M, Adám N, Adamovová L, Ahn C-k, Ahn H-n, Alansari B M, Alcalay L, Allik J, Angleitner A, Avia M D, Ayearst L E, Barbaranelli C, Beer A, Borg-Cunen M A, Bratko D, Brunner-Sciarra M, Budzinski L, Camart N, Dahourou D, De Fruyt F, de Lima M P, del Pilar G E H, Diener E, Falzon R, Fernando K, Ficková E, Fischer R, Flores-Mendoza C, Ghayur M A, Gülgöz S, Hagberg B, Halberstadt J, Halim M S, Hrebícková M, Humrichouse J, Jensen H H, Jocic D D, Jónsson F H, Khoury B, Klinkosz W, Knezević G, Lauri M A, Leibovich N, Martin T A, Marusić I, Mastor K A, Matsumoto D, McRorie M, Meshcheriakov B, Mortensen E L, Munyae M, Nagy J, Nakazato K, Nansubuga F, Oishi S, Ojedokun A O, Ostendorf F, Paulhus D L, Pelevin S, Petot J-M, Podobnik N, Porrata J L, Pramila V S, Prentice G, Realo A, Reátegui N, Rolland J-P, Rossier J, Ruch W, Rus V S, Sánchez-Bernardos M L, Schmidt V, Sciculna-Calleja S, Sekowski A, Shakespeare-Finch J, Shimonaka Y, Simonetti F, Sineshaw T, Siuta J, Smith P B, Trapnell P D, Trobst K K, Wang L, Yik M, Zupancic A, McCrae R R
National Institute on Aging, NIH, DHHS, Gerontology Research Center, 5600 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
Science. 2005 Oct 7;310(5745):96-100. doi: 10.1126/science.1117199.
Most people hold beliefs about personality characteristics typical of members of their own and others' cultures. These perceptions of national character may be generalizations from personal experience, stereotypes with a "kernel of truth," or inaccurate stereotypes. We obtained national character ratings of 3989 people from 49 cultures and compared them with the average personality scores of culture members assessed by observer ratings and self-reports. National character ratings were reliable but did not converge with assessed traits. Perceptions of national character thus appear to be unfounded stereotypes that may serve the function of maintaining a national identity.
大多数人对自己文化和其他文化成员典型的性格特征持有看法。这些对国民性格的认知可能是基于个人经验的概括、有“一定事实依据”的刻板印象,或者是不准确的刻板印象。我们从49种文化中收集了3989人的国民性格评分,并将其与通过观察者评分和自我报告评估的文化成员的平均性格得分进行比较。国民性格评分是可靠的,但与评估的特质并不一致。因此,对国民性格的认知似乎是没有根据的刻板印象,可能起到维护国家身份认同的作用。