University of Stirling, UK.
J Nurs Manag. 2013 Sep;21(6):860-6. doi: 10.1111/jonm.12110. Epub 2013 Aug 8.
To explore the frequency of different nursing tasks in medical and surgical wards.
The time nurses spend on direct patient care is important for both patients and nurses. However, little is known about the time nurses spend on various nursing tasks.
A real-time, repeated measures design conducted amongst 67 (n = 39 medical, n = 28 surgical) UK hospital nurses. Between September 2011 and August 2012 participants completed an electronic diary version of a classification of nursing tasks (WOMBAT) during shifts.
A total of 961 real-time measures of nursing task were obtained. Direct patient care [median = 37.5%, interquartile range = 27.8], indirect care (median = 11.1%, interquartile range = 19.4) and medication (median = 11.1%, interquartile range = 18.8) were most commonly reported. Participants were interrupted in 62% of entries (interquartile range = 35), reported adequate time in 78% (interquartile range = 31) and adequate resources in 89% (interquartile range = 36). Ward-related tasks were significantly more frequent on medical wards than surgical wards but otherwise there were no significant differences.
Nurses spend the highest proportion of time in direct patient care and majority of this on core nursing activities. Interruptions to tasks are common. Nurses tend to report adequate time/resources. The frequency of nursing tasks is similar in medical and surgical wards.
Nurse managers should review the level of interruptions to nurses' work and ensure appropriate levels of supervision.
探讨内科和外科病房中不同护理任务的频率。
护士直接护理患者的时间对患者和护士都很重要。然而，对于护士花在各种护理任务上的时间，我们知之甚少。
采用英国医院 67 名（内科 39 名，外科 28 名）护士的实时、重复测量设计。在 2011 年 9 月至 2012 年 8 月期间，参与者在轮班期间完成了护理任务分类（WOMBAT）的电子日记版。
共获得 961 项护理任务的实时测量值。直接护理患者（中位数=37.5%，四分位距=27.8%）、间接护理（中位数=11.1%，四分位距=19.4%）和给药（中位数=11.1%，四分位距=18.8%）是最常报告的护理任务。62%（四分位距=35）的记录中被打断，78%（四分位距=31）的记录中报告时间充足，89%（四分位距=36）的记录中报告资源充足。内科病房的病房相关任务明显比外科病房更频繁，但其他方面没有显著差异。
护士将最高比例的时间用于直接护理患者，其中大部分用于核心护理活动。任务中断很常见。护士往往报告时间/资源充足。内科病房和外科病房的护理任务频率相似。
护理管理人员应审查护士工作中断的程度，并确保适当的监督水平。
