SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi 'an, China.
J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 2013 Jul;63(7):864-77. doi: 10.1080/10962247.2013.797519.
A pilot hazardous airborne carbonyls study was carried out in Hong Kong and the Mainland of China. Workplace air samples in 14 factories of various types of manufacturing and industrial operations were collected and analyzed for a panel of 21 carbonyl compounds. The factories can be classified into five general categories, including food processing, electroplating, textile dyeing, chemical manufacturer, and petroleum refinery. Formaldehyde was invariably the most abundant carbonyl compound among all the workplace air samples, accounting for 22.0-44.0% of the total measured amount of carbonyls on a molar basis. Acetone was also found to be an abundant carbonyl in workplace settings; among the selected industrial sectors, chemical manufacturers' workplaces had the highest percentage (an average of 42.6%) of acetone in the total amount of carbonyls measured in air. Benzaldehyde accounted for an average of 20.5% of the total amount of detected carbonyls in electroplating factories, but its contribution was minor in other industrial workplaces. Long-chain aliphatic carbonyls (C6-C10) accounted for a large portion (37.2%) of the total carbonyls in food-processing factories. Glyoxal and methylglyoxal existed at variable levels in the selected workplaces, ranging from 0.2% to 5.5%. The mixing ratio of formaldehyde ranged from 8.6 to 101.2 ppbv in the sampled workplaces. The observed amount of formaldehyde in two paint and wax manufacturers and food-processing factories exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) air quality guideline of 81.8 ppbv. Carcinogenic risks of chronic exposure to formaldehyde and acetaldehyde by the workers were evaluated. The lifetime cancer hazard risks associated with formaldehyde exposure to male and female workers ranged from 2.01 x 10(-5) to 2.37 x 10(-4) and 2.68 x 10(-5) to 3.16 x 10(-4), respectively. Such elevated risk values suggest that the negative health impact of formaldehyde exposure represents a valid concern, and proper actions should be taken to protect workers from such risks.
Many carbonyl species (e.g., formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolein) are air toxins and they pose public healt risks. The scope of this investigation covers 21 types of carbonyls based on samples collected from 14 different workplaces. Findings of the study will not only provide a comprehensive assessment of indoor air quality with regard to workers' healthy and safety, but also establish a theoretical foundation for future formulation of intervention strategies to reduce occupational carbonyl exposures. No similar study has been carried out either in Hong Kong or the Mainland of China.
本研究在香港和中国大陆开展了一项关于空气中羰基化合物的初步研究。在 14 家不同类型的制造和工业操作的工厂采集了工作场所空气样本，并对 21 种羰基化合物进行了分析。这些工厂可以分为五类，包括食品加工、电镀、纺织品染色、化学品制造商和炼油厂。甲醛始终是所有工作场所空气中最丰富的羰基化合物，在基于摩尔的羰基化合物总量中占 22.0-44.0%。在工作场所环境中，丙酮也是一种丰富的羰基化合物；在所选择的工业部门中，化学品制造商的工作场所空气中的丙酮占总羰基化合物测量量的平均 42.6%。在电镀厂，苯甲醛占总检测到的羰基化合物的平均 20.5%，但在其他工业场所的贡献较小。在食品加工厂，长链脂肪族羰基化合物（C6-C10）占总羰基化合物的很大一部分（37.2%）。在选定的工作场所中，乙二醛和甲基乙二醛的存在水平在 0.2%到 5.5%之间变化。在所采样的工作场所中，甲醛的混合比在 8.6 到 101.2 ppbv 之间。在两个油漆和蜡制造商和食品加工厂中观察到的甲醛量超过了世界卫生组织（WHO）的 81.8 ppbv 空气质量指导值。评估了工人长期接触甲醛和乙醛的致癌风险。与男性和女性工人接触甲醛有关的终生癌症风险分别为 2.01 x 10(-5) 至 2.37 x 10(-4) 和 2.68 x 10(-5) 至 3.16 x 10(-4)。这些高风险值表明，甲醛暴露对健康的负面影响是一个值得关注的问题，应该采取适当的措施来保护工人免受此类风险的影响。
许多羰基化合物（例如甲醛、乙醛和丙烯醛）是空气毒素，它们对公众健康构成风险。本研究的范围基于从 14 个不同工作场所采集的样本，涵盖了 21 种羰基化合物。该研究的结果不仅将提供关于工人健康和安全的室内空气质量的全面评估，而且为未来制定减少职业羰基暴露的干预策略奠定理论基础。在香港或中国大陆都没有进行过类似的研究。
