Hypoglycaemia: causes, risk factors and pathophysiology.

This article examines the prevalence, symptoms, risk factors, management and prevention of hypoglycaemia in adults. Relevant research and government policies are discussed, and recent guidelines on the management of hypoglycaemia are presented. Standard 7 of the National Service Framework for Diabetes focuses on the need for improved knowledge and skills of healthcare professionals when dealing with diabetic emergencies. Healthcare professionals should be aware that tight glycaemic control may increase the risk of hypoglycaemia. Ongoing education about the recognition and treatment of hypoglycaemic episodes, particularly in patients being treated with insulin and sulfonylureas, is an important component of the nursing role.