University of Connecticut Health Science Center, Department of Medicine , Farmington, 21 Temple Street # 501, Hartford, CT 06103 , USA
Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2013 Oct;13(10):1413-27. doi: 10.1517/14712598.2013.827658. Epub 2013 Aug 10.
Malignant melanoma is a highly aggressive, immunogenic tumor that has the ability to modulate the immune system to its own advantage. Patients with melanoma present numerous cellular immune defects and cytokine abnormalities, all leading to suppression of the host anti-tumor immune response. Innovative treatment strategies can be achieved through employing our knowledge of the melanoma-induced immune alterations.
The authors review comprehensively the immune abnormalities in individuals with melanoma, and provide a summary of currently available melanoma immunotherapy agents that are currently on the market or undergoing clinical trials.
Ipilimumab, a monoclonal antibody directed against the CTLA-4, is one of the current forefront treatment strategies in malignant melanoma. Novel immunomodulating agents have shown clear activity in patients with malignant melanoma. These include anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-1 ligand antibodies that may soon become important items in the anti-melanoma armamentarium. Combinations of different immunotherapy agents, between themselves or with other agents, are currently being studied in an attempt to further enhance the antineoplastic effect in patients with malignant melanoma.
恶性黑色素瘤是一种高度侵袭性、免疫原性肿瘤，具有调节免疫系统以适应自身的能力。黑色素瘤患者存在多种细胞免疫缺陷和细胞因子异常，所有这些都会导致宿主抗肿瘤免疫反应受到抑制。通过利用我们对黑色素瘤引起的免疫改变的了解，可以实现创新的治疗策略。
作者全面回顾了黑色素瘤患者的免疫异常，并总结了目前市场上或正在进行临床试验的可用黑色素瘤免疫治疗药物。
Ipilimumab 是一种针对 CTLA-4 的单克隆抗体，是目前恶性黑色素瘤的前沿治疗策略之一。新型免疫调节药物在恶性黑色素瘤患者中显示出明确的活性。其中包括抗 PD-1 和抗 PD-1 配体抗体，它们可能很快成为抗黑色素瘤武器库中的重要项目。目前正在研究不同免疫治疗药物之间的联合应用，以及与其他药物的联合应用，试图进一步增强恶性黑色素瘤患者的抗肿瘤作用。
