HIV Epidemiology Program, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Long Island City, NY 11101, USA.
J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2013 Sep;22(9):745-54. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2013.4341. Epub 2013 Aug 9.
Black women are disproportionally affected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This study investigates factors associated with newly identified HIV infection among previously self-reported HIV negative or unknown status black women living in high risk areas (HRAs) of New York City (NYC).
Heterosexuals residing in or socially connected to NYC HRAs were recruited using respondent driven sampling for participation in the United States Centers for Disease Control-sponsored National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System in 2010. Eligible individuals were interviewed and offered an HIV test. The analysis reported here focused on black women with valid HIV results who did not report being HIV positive, and examined factors related to HIV infection in this group.
Of 153 black women who did not report being HIV positive at enrollment, 15 (9.8%) tested HIV positive. Age ≥40 years, ever injected drugs, and in the last 12 months had unprotected vaginal sex, exchange sex, last sex partner used crack, non-injection crack use, and non-injection heroin use were significantly associated with HIV infection (p<0.05). Only ever injected drugs (prevalence ratio: 5.1; 95% confidence interval: 2.0, 12.9) was retained in the final model.
Black women who had reported being either HIV negative or unaware of their serostatus had high HIV prevalence. Efforts to identify and treat HIV positive black women in HRAs should target those with a history of injection drug use. Frequent testing for HIV should be promoted in HRAs.
黑人女性受到人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的影响不成比例。本研究调查了居住在纽约市（NYC）高危地区（HRA）且之前自我报告 HIV 阴性或未知状态的黑人女性中新发现的 HIV 感染相关因素。
使用 respondent driven sampling 招募居住在或与 NYC HRA 有社会联系的异性恋者，参加美国疾病控制与预防中心赞助的 2010 年全国 HIV 行为监测系统。符合条件的个人接受访谈并提供 HIV 检测。本报告中的分析重点关注黑人女性，她们的 HIV 检测结果有效且未报告 HIV 阳性，并检查了该组中与 HIV 感染相关的因素。
在登记时未报告 HIV 阳性的 153 名黑人女性中，有 15 名（9.8%）HIV 检测呈阳性。年龄≥40 岁、曾经注射过毒品、在过去 12 个月中曾有无保护的阴道性行为、性交易、最后一次性伴侣使用可卡因、非注射可卡因使用和非注射海洛因使用与 HIV 感染显著相关（p<0.05）。只有曾经注射过毒品（患病率比：5.1；95%置信区间：2.0，12.9）保留在最终模型中。
报告 HIV 阴性或未意识到自己的血清状况的黑人女性 HIV 感染率很高。应针对有注射吸毒史的 HRA 中的 HIV 阳性黑人女性进行识别和治疗。应在 HRA 中推广 HIV 频繁检测。
