Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici ICP, Campus de la UAB s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain; Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Valperga Caluso 35, 10125 Torino, Italy.
J Hum Evol. 2013 Nov;65(5):573-84. doi: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.07.003. Epub 2013 Aug 7.
New dental remains of the fossil great ape Anoiapithecus brevirostris are described from the Middle Miocene local stratigraphic series of Abocador de Can Mata (ACM) in els Hostalets de Pierola (Vallès-Penedès Basin, NE Iberian Peninsula). These specimens correspond to maxillary fragments with upper teeth from two female individuals from two different localities: left P(3)-M(1) (IPS41712) from ACM/C3-Aj (type locality; 11.9 Ma [millions of years ago]); and right M(1)-M(2) and left P(4)-M(2) (IPS35027) from ACM/C1-E* (12.3-12.2 Ma). Relative enamel thickness is also computed in the latter individual and re-evaluated in other Middle Miocene hominoids from ACM, in order to better assess their taxonomic affinities. With regard to maxillary sinus development, occlusal morphology, molar proportions and enamel thickness, the new specimens show greater resemblances with the (male) holotype specimen of A. brevirostris. They differ from Pierolapithecus catalaunicus in displaying less inflated crests, a more lingually-located hypocone, and relatively lower-crowned molars; from Dryopithecus fontani, in the relatively thicker enamel and lower-crowned molars; from Hispanopithecus spp., in the more inflated crown bases, less peripheral cusps and more restricted maxillary sinus; and from Hispanopithecus laietanus also in the thicker crests, more restricted occlusal foveae, and relatively lower-crowned molars. The new specimens of A. brevirostris show some slight differences compared with the holotype of this species: smaller size (presumably due to sexual size dimorphism), and less distally-tapering M(2) occlusal contour (which is highly variable in both extant and extinct hominoids). The reported remains provide valuable new evidence on dental intraspecific variation and sexual dimorphism in Anoiapithecus. From a taxonomic viewpoint, they support the distinction of this taxon from both Dryopithecus and Pierolapithecus. From a chronostratigraphic perspective, IPS35027 from ACM/C1-E* enlarges the known temporal distribution of Anoiapithecus, further representing the oldest record (first appearance datum) of hominoids in the Iberian Peninsula.
新的古猿阿尼奥皮提克斯brevirostris 的牙齿化石遗骸是从中间新世当地地层系列阿博卡多德坎马塔 (ACM) 在埃尔霍斯塔莱茨德皮耶罗拉 (Vallès-Penedès 盆地，伊比利亚半岛东北部) 描述的。这些标本与来自两个不同地点的两个女性个体的上颌骨碎片和上颌牙齿相对应：左 P(3)-M(1)(IPS41712)来自 ACM/C3-Aj(模式产地；1190 万年[百万年前])；右 M(1)-M(2)和左 P(4)-M(2)(IPS35027)来自 ACM/C1-E*(123-122 百万年前)。在后一个个体中还计算了相对牙釉质厚度，并在 ACM 的其他中中新世人科动物中重新评估了该厚度，以更好地评估它们的分类亲缘关系。关于上颌窦的发育、咬合形态、臼齿比例和牙釉质厚度，新标本与阿尼奥皮提克斯brevirostris 的(雄性)正型标本具有更大的相似性。与皮耶罗皮提克斯 catalaunicus 相比，它们的嵴顶膨胀程度较低，下舌位置的下尖牙，以及相对较低冠的臼齿；与干燥齿猿相比，它们的牙釉质相对较厚，臼齿较低冠；与西班牙原猴属相比，它们的冠基膨胀程度较低，外周尖牙较少，上颌窦限制较多；与西班牙原猴属 laietanus 相比，嵴顶较厚，咬合窝较窄，臼齿较低冠。与该物种的正型标本相比，新的阿尼奥皮提克斯brevirostris 标本显示出一些细微的差异：较小的尺寸(推测是由于性二型性)，以及 M(2)咬合轮廓的远侧逐渐变细(在现生和已灭绝的人科动物中都高度可变)。所报道的遗骸为阿尼奥皮提克斯的牙齿种内变异和性二型性提供了有价值的新证据。从分类学的角度来看，它们支持将这个分类单元与干燥齿猿和皮耶罗皮提克斯区分开来。从年代地层学的角度来看，来自 ACM/C1-E*的 IPS35027 扩大了阿尼奥皮提克斯已知的时间分布范围，进一步代表了伊比利亚半岛上最早出现的人科动物记录(首次出现数据)。
