Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry.
J Dent Res. 2013 Nov;92(11):956-62. doi: 10.1177/0022034513501286. Epub 2013 Aug 9.
Recent advances in the understanding of pluripotent stem cell biology and emerging technologies to reprogram somatic cells to a stem cell-like state are helping bring stem cell therapies for a range of human disorders closer to clinical reality. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have become a promising resource for regenerative medicine and research into early development because these cells are able to self-renew indefinitely and are capable of differentiation into specialized cell types of all 3 germ layers and trophoectoderm. Human PSCs include embryonic stem cells (hESCs) derived from the inner cell mass of blastocyst-stage embryos and induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) generated via the reprogramming of somatic cells by the overexpression of key transcription factors. The application of hiPSCs and the finding that somatic cells can be directly reprogrammed into different cell types will likely have a significant impact on regenerative medicine. However, a major limitation for successful therapeutic application of hPSCs and their derivatives is the potential xenogeneic contamination and instability of current culture conditions. This review summarizes recent advances in hPSC culture and methods to induce controlled lineage differentiation through regulation of cell-signaling pathways and manipulation of gene expression as well as new trends in direct reprogramming of somatic cells.
近年来，人们对多能干细胞生物学的理解不断深入，新兴的体细胞重编程技术也不断涌现，这些都有助于将干细胞疗法应用于多种人类疾病，使其更接近临床实际。人类多能干细胞（hPSCs）已成为再生医学和早期发育研究的有前途的资源，因为这些细胞能够无限自我更新，并能够分化为所有 3 个胚层和滋养外胚层的特化细胞类型。人类 PSCs 包括源自囊胚期胚胎内细胞团的胚胎干细胞（hESCs）和通过过表达关键转录因子对体细胞进行重编程产生的诱导多能干细胞（hiPSCs）。hiPSCs 的应用以及体细胞可以直接重编程为不同细胞类型的发现，可能会对再生医学产生重大影响。然而，hPSCs 及其衍生物成功治疗应用的主要限制因素是当前培养条件下存在潜在的异种污染和不稳定性。本综述总结了 hPSC 培养的最新进展，以及通过调节细胞信号通路和操纵基因表达来诱导可控谱系分化的方法，以及体细胞直接重编程的新趋势。
