Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, 2401 Gilham Road, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA,
Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2013 Oct;13(5):512-7. doi: 10.1007/s11882-013-0374-8.
Moraxella catarrhalis is a Gram-negative bacterium, exclusively present in humans and a leading causative agent of otitis media (OM) in children. Most children (80 %) experience at least one episode of OM by their third birthday and half suffer multiple episodes of infection. Over the last 10 years, increased evidence suggests that M. cat possesses multiple virulence factors which can be carried through biologically active outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) that are themselves able to activate host-immune responses. It has also been noted that multiple toll-like receptors are responsible for M. cat recognition. This review is intended to summarize the key findings and progress in recent years of the molecular mechanisms of M. cat-induced otitis media with particular emphasis on adhesion, invasion, and activation of the host immune system, biofilm formation, and vaccine development.
卡他莫拉菌是一种革兰氏阴性菌，仅存在于人类中，是儿童中耳炎（OM）的主要病原体。大多数儿童（80%）在三岁之前至少经历过一次 OM 发作，一半的儿童则遭受多次感染。在过去的 10 年中，越来越多的证据表明，M. cat 拥有多种毒力因子，这些因子可以通过具有生物活性的外膜囊泡（OMVs）传递，而这些囊泡本身就能够激活宿主的免疫反应。此外，还发现多种 Toll 样受体负责 M. cat 的识别。本文旨在总结近年来 M. cat 引起中耳炎的分子机制的关键发现和进展，特别强调黏附、侵袭和宿主免疫系统的激活、生物膜形成和疫苗开发。
