Institut für Chemie, Organische Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle Saale, Germany.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2013 Aug 19;52(34):8828-78. doi: 10.1002/anie.201300872. Epub 2013 Aug 9.
Since the discovery of the liquid-crystalline state of matter 125 years ago, this field has developed into a scientific area with many facets. This Review presents recent developments in the molecular design and self-assembly of liquid crystals. The focus is on new exciting soft-matter structures distinct from the usually observed nematic, smectic, and columnar phases. These new structures have enhanced complexity, including multicompartment and cellular structures, periodic and quasiperiodic arrays of spheres, and new emergent properties, such as ferroelctricity and spontaneous achiral symmetry-breaking. Comparisons are made with developments in related fields, such as self-assembled monolayers, multiblock copolymers, and nanoparticle arrays. Measures of structural complexity used herein are the size of the lattice, the number of distinct compartments, the dimensionality, and the logic depth of the resulting supramolecular structures.
125 年前发现物质的液晶态以来，这个领域已经发展成为一个具有众多方面的科学领域。这篇综述介绍了液晶的分子设计和自组装的最新进展。重点是通常观察到的向列相、近晶相和柱状相以外的新的令人兴奋的软物质结构。这些新结构具有增强的复杂性，包括多隔室和细胞结构、周期性和准周期性球体阵列以及新的涌现性质，如铁电性和自发手性对称破缺。与自组装单层、多嵌段共聚物和纳米粒子阵列等相关领域的发展进行了比较。本文中使用的结构复杂性度量包括晶格大小、不同隔室的数量、维度以及所得超分子结构的逻辑深度。
