Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland.
PLoS One. 2013 Jul 23;8(7):e68018. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068018. Print 2013.
The goal of this study was to examine specific factors placing young (aged <30) women who inject drugs at higher risk for HIV, and to establish the need for targeted interventions within this population.
A national cross-sectional sero-survey was conducted in 2004-2005 in six regions in Poland. A snowball sample of ever-injectors was recruited from drug treatment facilities and the surrounding community. Log-binomial regression was used to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs).
A total of 491 injection drug users younger than 30 were recruited, of whom 159 were women and 332 were men. The prevalence of HIV was 16.4% and 9.6% among women and men, respectively. In multivariate analysis, young female injectors whose education terminated at the primary level were more likely to be HIV-positive compared to males with a similar level of education (PR = 3.34, 95% CI = 1.86-6.00) and more highly educated women (PR = 4.16, 95% CI = 2.21-7.82).
This study confirms an elevated risk of HIV among under-educated young women. Suggestions for specific interventions to reduce HIV transmission are presented. Additional research is needed to quantify the differential distribution of risk behaviors which amplify their likelihood of transmission.
本研究旨在探讨使年轻（<30 岁）女性吸毒者面临更高 HIV 风险的特定因素，并确定在该人群中需要采取针对性干预措施。
2004-2005 年，在波兰六个地区进行了一项全国性横断面血清调查。从戒毒机构和周边社区招募了曾有过注射史的年轻吸毒者。使用对数二项式回归来估计调整后的患病率比（PR）。
共招募了 491 名年龄在 30 岁以下的注射毒品者，其中 159 名女性，332 名男性。女性和男性的 HIV 患病率分别为 16.4%和 9.6%。在多变量分析中，与具有类似教育水平的男性相比（PR=3.34，95%CI=1.86-6.00），教育止于小学水平的年轻女性吸毒者更有可能 HIV 阳性，而受过更高教育的女性（PR=4.16，95%CI=2.21-7.82）。
本研究证实了受教育程度较低的年轻女性感染 HIV 的风险较高。提出了减少 HIV 传播的具体干预措施建议。需要进一步研究以量化增加其传播可能性的风险行为的差异分布。
