Michigan Cardiovascular Research and Reporting Program, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Pediatrics. 2013 Sep;132(3):468-74. doi: 10.1542/peds.2012-2994. Epub 2013 Aug 12.
Previous studies have demonstrated gender-related differences in body composition, physical activity, and diet. This observational study assesses gender variance in independent predictors for obesity to determine targeted areas for intervention.
Data from 1714 sixth-grade students enrolled in Project Healthy Schools were compared by using health behaviors and physiologic markers (lipids, random glucose, blood pressure, and resting and recovery heart rates). Students were stratified by gender and obesity (BMI ≥95th percentile by age and gender). Physiologic markers and behaviors were compared by using χ(2) analysis. Univariate associations with P < .10 were included in a stepwise logistic regression model to determine independent predictors for obesity by gender.
Nonobese students (both boys and girls) showed significantly healthier physiologic parameters compared with their obese counterparts. Two behaviors independently correlated with obesity in both boys and girls: regularly eating school lunches (odds ratio [OR] 1.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.64; OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.00-1.62, respectively) and watching ≥2 hours of television per day (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.07-1.32; OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.06-1.34, respectively). Vigorous physical activity and involvement in school sports teams appeared to be protective against obesity in boys (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.82-0.98; OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.64-0.94, respectively), whereas milk consumption appeared protective in girls (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.67-0.98).
Among middle-school children, we observed gender-related differences in factors associated with obesity. Additional research is warranted to determine the beneficial impact of improving school lunches and decreasing screen time, while improving our understanding of gender-related differences in milk consumption and physical activities in relation to BMI.
先前的研究表明，人体成分、身体活动和饮食方面存在与性别相关的差异。本观察性研究评估了肥胖的独立预测因素中的性别差异，以确定干预的目标领域。
对参加“健康学校计划”的 1714 名六年级学生的数据进行比较，比较的依据是健康行为和生理指标（血脂、随机血糖、血压和静息及恢复心率）。学生按性别和肥胖情况（BMI 按年龄和性别处于第 95 百分位以上）分层。采用卡方检验比较生理指标和行为。单变量关联分析 P <.10 的变量纳入逐步逻辑回归模型，以确定性别相关的肥胖独立预测因素。
与肥胖的同龄人相比，非肥胖学生（男孩和女孩）的生理参数明显更健康。两种行为在男孩和女孩中均与肥胖独立相关：经常吃学校午餐（OR 1.29，95%置信区间 [CI] 1.01-1.64；OR 1.27，95% CI 1.00-1.62）和每天看电视≥2 小时（OR 1.19，95% CI 1.07-1.32；OR 1.19，95% CI 1.06-1.34）。剧烈的身体活动和参与学校运动队似乎对男孩肥胖有保护作用（OR 0.90，95% CI 0.82-0.98；OR 0.77，95% CI 0.64-0.94），而女孩牛奶消费则有保护作用（OR 0.81，95% CI 0.67-0.98）。
在中学生中，我们观察到与肥胖相关的因素存在与性别相关的差异。需要进一步研究以确定改善学校午餐和减少屏幕时间的有益影响，同时更好地理解与 BMI 相关的性别差异在牛奶消费和身体活动方面的差异。
