Subunit variation to uncover properties of polyazine-bridged Ru(II), Pt(II) supramolecules with low lying charge separated states providing insight into the functioning as H2O reduction photocatalysts to produce H2.

Two new structurally diverse polyazine-bridged Ru(II),Pt(II) tetrametallic complexes, {(Ph2phen)2Ru(dpp)}2Ru(dpp)PtCl26 (1a) and {(Ph2phen)2Ru(dpp)}2Ru(dpq)PtCl26 (2a) (Ph2phen = 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, dpp = 2,3-bis(2-pyridyl)pyrazine, dpq = 2,3-bis(2-pyridyl)quinoxaline), as well as their trimetallic precursors have been synthesized to provide a comparison for detailed analysis to elucidate component effects in the previously reported photocatalyst {(phen)2Ru(dpp)}2Ru(dpq)PtCl26 (4a) (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline). Electrochemistry shows terminal Ru based highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs) with remote BL' (BL' = bridging ligand coupling central Ru and cis-PtCl2 moiety) based lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs). Population of a lowest-lying charge separated ((3)CS) excited state with oxidized terminal Ru and reduced remote BL' via intramolecular electron transfer is predicted by electrochemical analysis and is observed through steady-state and time-resolved emission studies as well as emission excitation profiles which display unusual nonunity population of the lowest lying emissive Ru→dpp (3)MLCT (metal-to-ligand charge transfer) state. Each tetrametallic complex is an active photocatalyst for H2 production from H2O with 2a showing the highest activity (94 TON (turnover number) in 10 h, where TON = mol H2/mol catalyst). The nature of the bridging ligand coupling the trimetallic light absorber to the cis-PtCl2 moiety has a significant impact on the catalyst activity, correlated to the degree of population of the (3)CS excited state. The choice of terminal ligand affects visible light absorption and has a minor influence on photocatalytic H2 production from H2O. Evidence that an intact supramolecule functions as the photocatalyst includes a strong dependence of the photocatalysis on the identity of BL', an insensitivity to Hg(l), no detectable H2 production from the systems with the trimetallic synthons and cis-[PtCl2(DMSO)2] as well as spectroscopic analysis of the photocatalytic system.