Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell transplantation significantly improves neurological function in patients with sequelae of traumatic brain injury.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of transplantation with umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in patients with sequelae of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The study hypothesis was that umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell transplantation could safely and effectively improve neurological function in patients with sequelae of traumatic brain injury. Forty patients with sequelae of TBI were randomly assigned to the stem cell treatment group or the control group. The patients in the stem cell treatment group underwent 4 stem cell transplantations via lumbar puncture. All patients of the group were also evaluated using Fugl-Meyer Assessments (FMA) and Functional Independence Measures (FIM) before and at 6 months after the stem cell transplantation. The patients in the control group did not receive any medical treatment (i.e., neither surgery nor medical intervention), and their FMA and FIM scores were determined on the day of the visit to the clinic and at 6 months after that clinical observation. The FMA results demonstrated an improvement in upper extremity motor sub-score, lower extremity motor sub-score, sensation sub-score and balance sub-score in the stem cell transplantation group at 6 months after the transplantation (P<0.05). The FIM results also exhibited significant improvement (P<0.05) in the patient self-care sub-score, sphincter control sub-score, mobility sub-score, locomotion sub-score, communication sub-score and social cognition sub-score. The control group exhibited no improvements after 6 months (P>0.05). All in all, the study results confirmed that the umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell transplantation improved the neurological function and self-care in patients with TBI sequels. Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell transplantation may be a potential treatment for patients with sequelae of TBI. Further research, including a multicenter and large sample size prospective randomized clinical trial, will be required to define definitively the role of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on sequelae of TBI.