Chapman C A
Department of Anthropology and Zoology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
Folia Primatol (Basel). 1990;55(1):1-9. doi: 10.1159/000156492.
The foraging strategies and association patterns of 3 species of primates (Ateles geoffroyi, Alouatta palliata, Cebus capucinus) were studied over a 5-year period. The objective of the study was to provide a quantitative test of the hypothesis that the size, density and distribution of food resources influence the size of animal groups. In examining the assumptions of this hypothesis, it was shown that these primates used resources that occurred in patches, depleted the patches through their use, and that membership in large subgroups was associated with increased travel costs. The howler and spider monkey groups formed subgroups, the size of which could be predicted from the size, density and distribution of their plant food resources. When resources were clumped and at a low density, both the howler and spider monkeys were found in small subgroups, whereas when patches were uniformly distributed and at high density they formed larger subgroups. Capuchin monkeys, in contrast, did not respond to changes in these ecological variables by forming subgroups or changing the cohesion of their group.
在5年的时间里，对三种灵长类动物（ Geoffroy蜘蛛猴、长毛吼猴、卷尾猴）的觅食策略和群体模式进行了研究。该研究的目的是对食物资源的大小、密度和分布会影响动物群体大小这一假设进行定量检验。在检验这一假设的前提时发现，这些灵长类动物利用呈斑块状分布的资源，通过使用使其消耗殆尽，并且大的亚群体成员与旅行成本增加有关。吼猴和蜘蛛猴群体形成了亚群体，其大小可以根据其植物食物资源的大小、密度和分布来预测。当资源聚集且密度较低时，吼猴和蜘蛛猴都以小亚群体的形式出现，而当斑块均匀分布且密度较高时，它们会形成较大的亚群体。相比之下，卷尾猴不会通过形成亚群体或改变群体凝聚力来应对这些生态变量的变化。
