Mark Pertschuk is with Grassroots Change: Connecting for Better Health, Oakland, CA. Robin Hobart is with ICF International, Denver, CO. Marjorie Paloma and Michelle A. Larkin are with the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Princeton, NJ. Edith D. Balbach is with the Public Health and Community Medicine and Community Health Program, Tufts University, Medford, MA.
Am J Public Health. 2013 Oct;103(10):1780-7. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301317. Epub 2013 Aug 15.
Home fires account for 85% of fire deaths in the United States, the majority in 1- or 2-family homes lacking fire sprinklers. Since 1978, however, a grassroots movement has successfully promoted more than 360 local ordinances mandating sprinklers in all new residential construction, including 1- and 2-family homes. The homebuilding industry has responded by seeking state preemption of local authority, a strategy previously used by other industries concerned about protecting their profits. From 2009 through 2011, 13 states adopted laws eliminating or limiting local authority over residential fire sprinklers. This study of the residential sprinkler movement adds to our understanding of grassroots public health movements and provides additional evidence that preemption can have a negative impact on public health and safety.
住宅火灾在美国造成 85%的火灾死亡人数，其中大多数发生在没有安装喷水灭火系统的单层或双层住宅。然而，自 1978 年以来，一场草根运动成功推动了 360 多项地方条例，要求所有新住宅建筑都安装喷水灭火系统，包括单层和双层住宅。住宅建筑行业通过寻求州政府对地方当局的先发制人来应对，这是之前其他行业为保护自身利益而采用的策略。从 2009 年到 2011 年，13 个州通过了法律，取消或限制了对住宅喷水灭火系统的地方管理权限。这项关于住宅喷水灭火系统运动的研究增加了我们对基层公共卫生运动的理解，并提供了更多证据表明先发制人可能对公共健康和安全产生负面影响。
