Université Paris Diderot; Sorbonne Paris Cité; CNRS; UMR7216 Epigenetics and Cell Fate; Paris, France.
RNA Biol. 2013 Aug;10(8):1262-5. doi: 10.4161/rna.25802. Epub 2013 Jul 19.
In mammals, the genic disequilibrium between males (XY) and females (XX) is resolved through the inactivation of one of the X-chromosomes in females. X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) takes place in all mammalian species, but has mainly been studied in the mouse model where it was shown to be controlled by the interplay of several long non-coding RNA (lncRNA). However, recent data point toward the existence of species divergences among mammals in the strategies used to achieve XCI. The recent discovery of XACT, a novel lncRNA that coats the active X-chromosome specifically in human pluripotent cells, further highlights the existence of human-specific mechanisms of X-chromosome regulation. Here, we discuss the roles of lncRNAs in defining species-specific mechanisms controlling X-inactivation and explore the potential role of large lncRNAs in gene activation.
在哺乳动物中，雄性（XY）和雌性（XX）之间的基因不平衡通过雌性中 X 染色体的失活来解决。X 染色体失活（XCI）发生在所有哺乳动物物种中，但主要在小鼠模型中进行了研究，该模型表明它受到几种长非编码 RNA（lncRNA）的相互作用控制。然而，最近的数据表明，在哺乳动物中，用于实现 XCI 的策略存在种间差异。最近发现的 XACT 是一种新型 lncRNA，它专门在人类多能细胞中覆盖活性 X 染色体，这进一步强调了 X 染色体调控的人类特异性机制的存在。在这里，我们讨论了 lncRNAs 在定义控制 X 失活的种特异性机制中的作用，并探讨了大 lncRNAs 在基因激活中的潜在作用。
