Sheehan J
School of Education, Polytechnic of Huddersfield.
J Adv Nurs. 1990 Jul;15(7):819-24. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.1990.tb01912.x.
This paper focuses on 'why', 'what' and 'how' issues as they relate to the investigation of change in a nursing context. The why issues revolve around the need for change, and evolutionary and revolutionary change are discussed. Next the what issues are discussed and some variables involved in the change process are identified, and the role of change agents is outlined. Change strategies such as the power-coercive, the rational-empirical and the normative-re-education are discussed. Finally, the potential of action research in the context of bringing about change is advanced.
本文聚焦于与护理情境中的变革调查相关的“为何”“是什么”以及“如何”等问题。“为何”问题围绕变革的必要性展开，探讨了渐进式变革和革命式变革。接着讨论了“是什么”问题，确定了变革过程中涉及的一些变量，并概述了变革推动者的角色。还讨论了诸如权力强制型、理性经验型和规范再教育型等变革策略。最后，提出了行动研究在促成变革方面的潜力。
