Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
Insect Sci. 2013 Jun;20(3):297-306. doi: 10.1111/1744-7917.12010. Epub 2013 Jan 25.
Plants have evolved and diversified to reduce the damages imposed by infectious pathogens and herbivorous insects. Living in a sedentary lifestyle, plants are constantly adapting to their environment. They employ various strategies to increase performance and fitness. Thus, plants developed cost-effective strategies to defend against specific insects and pathogens. Plant defense, however, imposes selective pressure on insects and pathogens. This selective pressure provides incentives for pathogens and insects to diversify and develop strategies to counter plant defense. This results in an evolutionary arms race among plants, pathogens and insects. The ever-changing adaptations and physiological alterations among these organisms make studying plant-vector-pathogen interactions a challenging and fascinating field. Studying plant defense and plant protection requires knowledge of the relationship among organisms and the adaptive strategies each organism utilize. Therefore, this review focuses on the integral parts of plant-vector-pathogen interactions in order to understand the factors that affect plant defense and disease development. The review addresses plant-vector-pathogen co-evolution, plant defense strategies, specificity of plant defenses and plant-vector-pathogen interactions. Improving the comprehension of these factors will provide a multi-dimensional perspective for the future research in pest and disease management.
植物进化并多样化以减少传染性病原体和草食性昆虫造成的损害。植物生活方式固定，它们不断适应环境。它们采用各种策略来提高性能和适应性。因此，植物开发了具有成本效益的策略来抵御特定的昆虫和病原体。然而，植物防御对昆虫和病原体施加了选择压力。这种选择压力为病原体和昆虫提供了多样化和开发策略来对抗植物防御的动机。这导致植物、病原体和昆虫之间发生了进化军备竞赛。这些生物体之间不断变化的适应和生理变化使得研究植物-媒介-病原体相互作用成为一个具有挑战性和吸引力的领域。研究植物防御和植物保护需要了解生物体之间的关系以及每个生物体利用的适应性策略。因此，本综述重点介绍了植物-媒介-病原体相互作用的组成部分，以了解影响植物防御和疾病发展的因素。综述涉及植物-媒介-病原体的共同进化、植物防御策略、植物防御的特异性以及植物-媒介-病原体相互作用。提高对这些因素的理解将为未来的害虫和疾病管理研究提供一个多维的视角。
