Serieys Laurel E K, Foley Janet, Owens Sean, Woods Leslie, Boydston Erin E, Lyren Lisa M, Poppenga Robert H, Clifford Deana L, Stephenson Nicole, Rudd Jaime, Riley Seth P D
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095.
J Parasitol. 2013 Dec;99(6):989-96. doi: 10.1645/12-175.1. Epub 2013 Aug 19.
Notoedric mange was responsible for a population decline of bobcats ( Lynx rufus ) in 2 Southern California counties from 2002-2006 and is now reported to affect bobcats in Northern and Southern California. With this study we document clinical laboratory and necropsy findings for bobcats with mange. Bobcats in this study included free-ranging bobcats with mange (n = 34), a control group of free-ranging bobcats without mange (n = 11), and a captive control group of bobcats without mange (n = 19). We used 2 control groups to evaluate potential anomalies due to capture stress or diet. Free-ranging healthy and mange-infected bobcats were trapped or salvaged. Animals were tested by serum biochemistry, complete blood count, urine protein and creatinine, body weight, necropsy, and assessment for anticoagulant rodenticide residues in liver tissue. Bobcats with severe mange were emaciated, dehydrated, and anemic with low serum creatinine, hyperphosphatemia, hypoglycemia, hypernatremia, and hyperchloremia, and sometimes septicemic when compared to control groups. Liver enzymes and leukocyte counts were elevated in free-ranging, recently captured bobcats whether or not they were infested with mange, suggesting capture stress. Bobcats with mange had lower levels of serum cholesterol, albumin, globulin, and total protein due to protein loss likely secondary to severe dermatopathy. Renal insufficiency was unlikely in most cases, as urine protein:creatinine ratios were within normal limits. A primary gastrointestinal loss of protein or blood was possible in a few cases, as evidenced by elevated blood urea nitrogen, anemia, intestinal parasitism, colitis, gastric hemorrhage, and melena. The prevalence of exposure to anticoagulant rodenticides was 100% (n = 15) in bobcats with mange. These findings paint a picture of debilitating, multisystemic disease with infectious and toxic contributing factors that can progress to death in individuals and potential decline in populations.
2002年至2006年期间，疥螨病导致南加州两个县的短尾猫（猞猁属）数量下降，现在有报告称该病影响到了北加州和南加州的短尾猫。通过本研究，我们记录了患有疥螨病的短尾猫的临床、实验室和尸检结果。本研究中的短尾猫包括患有疥螨病的自由放养短尾猫（n = 34）、无疥螨病的自由放养短尾猫对照组（n = 11）以及无疥螨病的圈养短尾猫对照组（n = 19）。我们使用两个对照组来评估因捕捉应激或饮食导致的潜在异常情况。对自由放养的健康和感染疥螨病的短尾猫进行诱捕或打捞。对动物进行血清生化、全血细胞计数、尿蛋白和肌酐、体重、尸检以及肝组织中抗凝血灭鼠剂残留评估。与对照组相比，患有严重疥螨病的短尾猫消瘦、脱水且贫血，并伴有低血清肌酐、高磷血症、低血糖、高钠血症和高氯血症，有时还会出现败血症。自由放养且近期被捕获的短尾猫，无论是否感染疥螨病，其肝酶和白细胞计数都会升高，这表明存在捕捉应激。由于严重皮肤病可能继发蛋白质流失，患有疥螨病的短尾猫血清胆固醇、白蛋白、球蛋白和总蛋白水平较低。在大多数情况下，肾功能不全不太可能发生，因为尿蛋白与肌酐比值在正常范围内。少数情况下可能存在原发性胃肠道蛋白质或血液流失，血尿素氮升高、贫血、肠道寄生虫感染、结肠炎、胃出血和黑便证明了这一点。患有疥螨病的短尾猫接触抗凝血灭鼠剂的患病率为100%（n = 15）。这些发现描绘了一种衰弱的多系统疾病，其具有感染性和毒性等促成因素，可以导致个体死亡并可能使种群数量下降。
