母乳喂养对青少年及成年母亲体重减轻和孕前体重恢复的影响。

Effects of breastfeeding on weight loss and recovery of pregestational weight in adolescent and adult mothers.

作者信息

Sámano Reyna, Martínez-Rojano Hugo, Godínez Martínez Estela, Sánchez Jiménez Bernarda, Villeda Rodríguez Gilda Paulina, Pérez Zamora Julieta, Casanueva Esther

机构信息

Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City.

出版信息

Food Nutr Bull. 2013 Jun;34(2):123-30. doi: 10.1177/156482651303400201.

DOI:10.1177/156482651303400201

PMID:23964385

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) in adolescent mothers has been associated with greater postpartum maternal weight loss.

OBJECTIVE

To assess the associations between EBF and weight loss in adolescent and adult mothers and between EBF and weight and length gain of their children.

METHODS

A cohort of 68 adolescent mothers (15 to 19 years), 64 adult mothers (20 to 29 years), and their infants were studied. Anthropometric measurements were performed at 15, 90, 180, and 365 days postpartum in the mothers and children. EBF was defined as consumption of human milk without supplementation of any type (water, juice, nonhuman milk, or food) for 4 months.

RESULTS

Sixty-five percent of mothers sustained EBF for 4 months. There were no significant differences in the weight or length of the infants of adolescent and adult mothers at 365 days postpartum. Among infants of adult mothers, there was a significant difference between the weight gain of those were exclusively breastfed and those who were not exclusively breastfed (6,498 +/- 1,060 vs 6,096 +/- 1,035 g, p < .050) at 365 days postpartum, according to the parameters for weight gain and length established by the World Health Organization (WHO). Among both adult and adolescent mothers, those who practiced EBF lost more weight than those who did not practice EBF (-2.9 kg, 95% interquartile range, -5.7 to 0.8 kg, vs -1.8 kg 95% interquartile range -2.8 to 2.2 kg; p = .004). Gestational weight gain, duration of EBF, and recovery menstruation explained 21% of the variance (F = 28.184, p = .001) in change in postpartum maternal weight (in kilograms) from 0 to 365 days postpartum in all mothers. Pregestational weight, duration of EBF, and maternal age were factors that explained 14% (F = 22.759, p = .001) of the change in the weight and length of the infants from 0 to 365 days of life.

CONCLUSIONS

EBF in adolescent and adult mothers influences postpartum weight loss and provides adequate infant growth in accordance with the WHO 2006 standards.

摘要

背景

青春期母亲纯母乳喂养（EBF）与产后母亲体重更大幅度下降有关。

目的

评估青春期和成年母亲中EBF与体重减轻之间以及EBF与她们孩子体重和身长增加之间的关联。

方法

对68名青春期母亲（15至19岁）、64名成年母亲（20至29岁）及其婴儿组成的队列进行了研究。在产后15、90、180和365天对母亲和孩子进行人体测量。EBF定义为4个月内仅食用母乳，不添加任何其他类型食物（水、果汁、非母乳或食物）。

结果

65%的母亲纯母乳喂养4个月。产后365天时，青春期和成年母亲的婴儿体重或身长没有显著差异。根据世界卫生组织（WHO）制定的体重增加和身长参数，在产后365天时，成年母亲中，纯母乳喂养的婴儿与非纯母乳喂养的婴儿体重增加存在显著差异（6498±1060 vs 6096±1035 g，p<.050）。在成年和青春期母亲中，进行纯母乳喂养的母亲比未进行纯母乳喂养的母亲体重减轻更多（-2.9 kg，95%四分位数间距，-5.7至0.8 kg，vs -1.8 kg，95%四分位数间距-2.8至2.2 kg；p=.004）。孕期体重增加、纯母乳喂养持续时间和月经恢复解释了所有母亲产后0至365天体重（千克）变化中21%的方差（F=28.184，p=.001）。孕前体重、纯母乳喂养持续时间和母亲年龄是解释婴儿出生后0至365天体重和身长变化中14%（F=22.759，p=.001）的因素。