Rotman Research Institute.
J Cogn Neurosci. 1997 Fall;9(5):555-604. doi: 10.1162/jocn.1997.9.5.555.
In order to study face recognition in relative isolation from visual processes that may also contribute to object recognition and reading, we investigated CK, a man with normal face recognition but with object agnosia and dyslexia caused by a closed-head injury. We administered recognition tests of up right faces, of family resemblance, of age-transformed faces, of caricatures, of cartoons, of inverted faces, and of face features, of disguised faces, of perceptually degraded faces, of fractured faces, of faces parts, and of faces whose parts were made of objects. We compared CK's performance with that of at least 12 control participants. We found that CK performed as well as controls as long as the face was upright and retained the configurational integrity among the internal facial features, the eyes, nose, and mouth. This held regardless of whether the face was disguised or degraded and whether the face was represented as a photo, a caricature, a cartoon, or a face composed of objects. In the last case, CK perceived the face but, unlike controls, was rarely aware that it was composed of objects. When the face, or just the internal features, were inverted or when the configurational gestalt was broken by fracturing the face or misaligning the top and bottom halves, CK's performance suffered far more than that of controls. We conclude that face recognition normally depends on two systems: (1) a holistic, face-specific system that is dependent on orientationspecific coding of second-order relational features (internal), which is intact in CK and (2) a part-based object-recognition system, which is damaged in CK and which contributes to face recognition when the face stimulus does not satisfy the domain-specific conditions needed to activate the face system.
为了将人脸识别从可能也有助于物体识别和阅读的视觉过程中相对孤立地进行研究，我们研究了 CK，他的人脸识别正常，但因头部闭合性损伤而患有物体失认症和阅读障碍。我们对正面、家族相似性、年龄变换、漫画、卡通、倒置、面部特征、伪装、感知降级、碎裂、面部部分和由物体组成的面部进行了识别测试。我们将 CK 的表现与至少 12 名对照参与者的表现进行了比较。我们发现，只要面部是直立的，并且内部面部特征、眼睛、鼻子和嘴巴之间保持着整体完整性，CK 的表现就与对照组一样好。这与面部是否伪装或降级以及面部是否以照片、漫画、卡通或由物体组成的面部表示无关。在最后一种情况下，CK 感知到了面部，但与对照组不同的是，他很少意识到它是由物体组成的。当面部或仅内部特征被倒置，或者当配置整体被断裂或上下两半错位破坏时，CK 的表现比对照组差得多。我们得出结论，人脸识别通常依赖于两个系统：（1）一个整体的、特定于面部的系统，它依赖于二阶关系特征（内部）的方位特异性编码，CK 中的这种编码是完整的；（2）一个基于部分的物体识别系统，它在 CK 中受损，并且当面部刺激不能满足激活面部系统所需的特定于域的条件时，它有助于人脸识别。
