Institute of Parasitology, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2013 Aug 15;7(8):e2345. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002345. eCollection 2013.
This study was conducted to (i) determine the prevalence of African Animal Trypanosomosis (AAT) in tsetse challenged areas, (ii) compare conventional with qPCR detection systems and (iii) evaluate the host genetic background and biology as risk factors. AAT prevalence studies are often confronted with low levels of parasitaemia. Hence, we designed a novel qPCR assay using primers and species specific probes amplifying the Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 (ITS1) gene. Thereby all three AAT species could be detected simultaneously. 368 individuals from three cattle types (Baoulé, Zebu and hybrids) originating from 72 farms in Burkina Faso were analysed. Farmers were interviewed and morphometric measurements of the cattle taken. A chi-squared test and a logistic regression model were calculated to detect associations with infection. In our study, the overall rate of prevalence detected with the novel qPCR assay was 11.14%. Compared to conventional PCR we identified a concordance of 91.30%. We tested 41 animals positive for trypanosome DNA, five animals showed multiple infections. Zebus were twice as often infected (21.74%) compared to Baoulé (9.70%) and hybrids (9.57%). Trypanosoma vivax is the dominant species (9.24%), as compared to T. congolense (2.44%) and T. brucei (0.82%). The chi-squared tests linking the infection events to the breeds (Zebu vs. Baoulé and Zebu vs. hybrids) were on the border of significance. No significant association with other tested parameters could be detected. We introduce a novel qPCR technique for the fast, sensitive and simultaneous detection of the three AAT species. Our results suggest that associations with breed and infection exist since Zebu cattle are more likely to be infected compared to Baoulé and hybrids. Indigenous taurine cattle breeds, like the Baoulé, therefore provide a unique and valuable genetic resource.
(i) 确定在采采蝇挑战区域中非洲动物锥虫病（AAT）的流行率；(ii) 比较传统与 qPCR 检测系统；(iii) 评估宿主遗传背景和生物学作为风险因素。AAT 流行率研究通常面临低水平的寄生虫血症。因此，我们设计了一种新的 qPCR 检测方法，使用针对内部转录间隔区 1（ITS1）基因的引物和种特异性探针进行扩增。由此，可以同时检测到所有三种 AAT 物种。对来自布基纳法索 72 个农场的 3 种牛类型（Baoulé、Zebu 和杂种）的 368 头个体进行了分析。对农民进行了访谈，并对牛进行了形态测量。使用卡方检验和逻辑回归模型来检测与感染的关联。在我们的研究中，使用新型 qPCR 检测方法检测到的总流行率为 11.14%。与传统 PCR 相比，我们鉴定出了 91.30%的一致性。我们测试了 41 头对锥虫 DNA 呈阳性的动物，其中 5 头动物显示出多重感染。Zebu 牛的感染率是 Baoulé 牛的两倍（21.74%）和杂种牛的两倍（9.57%）。与 T. congolense（2.44%）和 T. brucei（0.82%）相比，锥虫 vivax 是主要物种（9.24%）。卡方检验将感染事件与品种（Zebu 与 Baoulé 和 Zebu 与杂种）联系起来，结果处于显著边缘。未检测到与其他测试参数的显著关联。我们介绍了一种用于快速、敏感和同时检测三种 AAT 物种的新型 qPCR 技术。我们的结果表明，与品种和感染的关联存在，因为与 Baoulé 和杂种相比，Zebu 牛更容易感染。像 Baoulé 这样的本地牛品种因此提供了一种独特而有价值的遗传资源。
