Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Road, MS #33, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2013 Sep;134(3):1814-23. doi: 10.1121/1.4816406.
In the past decade, much progress has been made in real-time passive acoustic monitoring of marine mammal occurrence and distribution from autonomous platforms (e.g., gliders, floats, buoys), but current systems focus primarily on a single call type produced by a single species, often from a single location. A hardware and software system was developed to detect, classify, and report 14 call types produced by 4 species of baleen whales in real time from ocean gliders. During a 3-week deployment in the central Gulf of Maine in late November and early December 2012, two gliders reported over 25,000 acoustic detections attributed to fin, humpback, sei, and right whales. The overall false detection rate for individual calls was 14%, and for right, humpback, and fin whales, false predictions of occurrence during 15-min reporting periods were 5% or less. Transmitted pitch tracks--compact representations of sounds--allowed unambiguous identification of both humpback and fin whale song. Of the ten cases when whales were sighted during aerial or shipboard surveys and a glider was within 20 km of the sighting location, nine were accompanied by real-time acoustic detections of the same species by the glider within ±12 h of the sighting time.
在过去的十年中，从自主平台（例如滑翔机、浮标和浮标）实时被动声学监测海洋哺乳动物的出现和分布方面取得了很大进展，但当前的系统主要侧重于单一物种产生的单一叫声类型，通常来自单一位置。开发了一种硬件和软件系统，用于实时从海洋滑翔机检测、分类和报告 14 种须鲸产生的 14 种叫声类型。在 2012 年 11 月下旬和 12 月初在缅因湾中部进行的为期 3 周的部署中，两架滑翔机报告了超过 25,000 次声学检测，这些检测归因于鳍鲸、座头鲸、塞鲸和长须鲸。单个叫声的总错误检测率为 14％，而对于右鲸、座头鲸和鳍鲸，在 15 分钟报告期内发生的错误预测发生率为 5％或更低。传输音高轨迹 - 声音的紧凑表示 - 允许明确识别座头鲸和鳍鲸的歌曲。在飞机或船只调查期间观察到鲸鱼的十次情况中，并且滑翔机距离观察位置 20 公里以内，在观察时间的±12 小时内，滑翔机实时检测到了相同物种的声学检测结果。
